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аутентификация_с_использованием_kerberos_сервера [2010/09/13 13:24] val |
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- | ====== Аутентификация с использованием KERBEROS сервера ====== | ||
- | [[http://www.freebsd.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/kerberos5.html]] | ||
- | |||
- | Сервер Kerberos свободно распространяет TGT (Ticket Granting Ticket) на каждый неавторизованный запрос; однако, каждый TGT зашифрован ключом, полученным из пароля пользователя. Следовательно, когда пользователь вводит свой пароль, он не отправляется на KDC, а используется для расшифровки TGT, который уже получен kinit. Если в процессе расшифровки получается правильный билет с правильным значением времени, у пользователя есть действующее ''удостоверение''. Это удостоверение содержит ключ сессии для установления безопасного соединения с сервером Kerberos, как и действующий TGT, зашифрованный ключом сервера Kerberos. Второй уровень шифрования недоступен пользователю, но позволяет серверу Kerberos проверять правильность каждого TGT. | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Предварительная настройка стенда ===== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | # cat /etc/hosts | ||
- | ... | ||
- | #192.168.X.1 gate.corpX.un gate | ||
- | #192.168.X.10 server.corpX.un server | ||
- | ... | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Настройка DNS сервера ===== | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Инсталяция и настройка сервиса ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | [server:~] # cat /etc/rc.conf | ||
- | ... | ||
- | named_enable="YES" | ||
- | ... | ||
- | |||
- | [server:~] # cat /etc/namedb/named.conf | ||
- | options { | ||
- | directory "/etc/namedb"; | ||
- | pid-file "/var/run/named/pid"; | ||
- | }; | ||
- | |||
- | zone "." { | ||
- | type hint; | ||
- | file "named.root"; | ||
- | }; | ||
- | |||
- | zone "corpX.un" { | ||
- | type master; | ||
- | file "master/corpX.un"; | ||
- | }; | ||
- | |||
- | zone "X.168.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA" { | ||
- | type master; | ||
- | file "master/corpX.rev"; | ||
- | }; | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# apt-get install bind9 | ||
- | |||
- | root@server:~# cat /etc/bind/named.conf.local | ||
- | zone "corpX.un" { | ||
- | type master; | ||
- | file "/var/cache/bind/corpX.un"; | ||
- | }; | ||
- | |||
- | zone "X.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { | ||
- | type master; | ||
- | file "/var/cache/bind/corpX.rev"; | ||
- | }; | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Описание файлов зон ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# cd /etc/namedb/master/ | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# cd /var/cache/bind/ | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD/Ubuntu === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# cat corpX.un | ||
- | </code><code> | ||
- | $TTL 3h | ||
- | @ SOA server root.server 1 1d 12h 1w 3h | ||
- | NS server | ||
- | server A 192.168.X.10 | ||
- | gate A 192.168.X.1 | ||
- | _kerberos._udp SRV 01 00 88 server | ||
- | _kerberos._tcp SRV 01 00 88 server | ||
- | _kpasswd._udp SRV 01 00 464 server | ||
- | _kerberos-adm._tcp SRV 01 00 749 server | ||
- | _kerberos TXT CORPX.UN | ||
- | </code><code> | ||
- | server# cat corpX.rev | ||
- | </code><code> | ||
- | $TTL 3h | ||
- | @ SOA server.corpX.un. root.server.corpX.un. 1 1d 12h 1w 3h | ||
- | NS server.corpX.un. | ||
- | 10 PTR server.corpX.un. | ||
- | 1 PTR gate.corpX.un. | ||
- | </code><code> | ||
- | |||
- | server# named-checkconf -z | ||
- | |||
- | server# named-checkzone corpX.un corpX.un | ||
- | |||
- | server# named-checkzone X.168.192.in-addr.arpa. corpX.rev | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Запуск сервиса ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/named start | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# /etc/init.d/bind9 restart | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | ==== Настройки клиентов ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# cat /etc/resolv.conf | ||
- | domain corpX.un | ||
- | nameserver 127.0.0.1 | ||
- | |||
- | gate# cat /etc/resolv.conf | ||
- | domain corpX.un | ||
- | nameserver 192.168.X.10 | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Проверки (на gate и server) ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | # host ya.ru | ||
- | # host gate.corpX.un | ||
- | # host server.corpX.un | ||
- | # host 192.168.X.10 | ||
- | # host 192.168.X.1 | ||
- | # dig TXT _kerberos.corpX.un | ||
- | # dig SRV _kerberos._tcp.corpX.un | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Cинхронизация времени ===== | ||
- | |||
- | ==== FreeBSD ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | # cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Moscow /etc/localtime | ||
- | |||
- | # date 201504070842 | ||
- | Tue Apr 7 08:42:00 MSD 2015 | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Ubuntu ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | # cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Moscow /etc/localtime | ||
- | |||
- | # date 040708422015 | ||
- | Tue Apr 7 08:42:00 MSD 2015 | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Перезапуск служб NIS, NFS и RPCBIND ===== | ||
- | |||
- | ==== FreeBSD ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/nfsd stop | ||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/mountd stop | ||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/ypserv stop | ||
- | |||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/rpcbind restart | ||
- | |||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/ypserv start | ||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/mountd start | ||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/nfsd start | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Ubuntu ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | |||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Настройка KDC сервера ===== | ||
- | |||
- | ==== FreeBSD ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | [server:~] # cat /etc/rc.conf | ||
- | ... | ||
- | kerberos5_server_enable="YES" | ||
- | ... | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Ubuntu (8.04) ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# apt-get install heimdal-kdc | ||
- | |||
- | root@server:~# ls /var/lib/heimdal-kdc/* | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Ubuntu (10.04) ==== | ||
- | |||
- | !!! В виртуальной машине krb5_newrealm может зависать | ||
- | |||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# apt-get install krb5-kdc krb5-admin-server | ||
- | |||
- | root@server:~# krb5_newrealm | ||
- | ... | ||
- | Enter KDC database master key: | ||
- | Re-enter KDC database master key to verify: | ||
- | |||
- | root@server:~# ls -l /var/lib/krb5kdc/ | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Ubuntu/FreeBSD ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# cat /etc/krb5.conf | ||
- | [libdefaults] | ||
- | default_realm = CORPX.UN | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Инициализация базы данных (FreeBSD) ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# kstash | ||
- | Master key: 123 | ||
- | |||
- | server# kadmin -l | ||
- | kadmin> init CORPX.UN | ||
- | Realm max ticket life [unlimited]: | ||
- | Realm max renewable ticket life [unlimited]: | ||
- | kadmin> quit | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Регистрация принципала пользователя в базе данных kerberos ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD, Ubuntu (8.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | # kadmin -l | ||
- | kadmin> add user1 | ||
- | ... | ||
- | user1@CORPX.UN's Password: kpassword1 | ||
- | Verifying - user@CORPX.UN's Password: kpassword1 | ||
- | |||
- | kadmin> list * | ||
- | |||
- | kadmin> quit | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (10.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# kadmin.local | ||
- | |||
- | kadmin.local: addprinc user1 | ||
- | ... | ||
- | Enter password for principal "user@CORPX.UN": kpassword1 | ||
- | Re-enter password for principal "user@CORPX.UN": kpassword1 | ||
- | |||
- | kadmin.local: listprincs | ||
- | ... | ||
- | user1@CORPX.UN | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Запуск сервиса ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | [server:~] # /etc/rc.d/kerberos start | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (8.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# /etc/init.d/heimdal-kdc restart | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (10.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# /etc/init.d/krb5-kdc restart | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Настройка Kerberos клиента ===== | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Инсталляция клиента ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (8.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@gate:~# apt-get install heimdal-clients | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (10.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@gate:~# apt-get install krb5-user | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Настройка Kerbros Realm ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | gate# cat /etc/krb5.conf | ||
- | [libdefaults] | ||
- | default_realm = CORPX.UN | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Проверки ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# kinit user1 | ||
- | server# klist | ||
- | server# kdestroy | ||
- | |||
- | gate# kinit user1 | ||
- | gate# klist | ||
- | gate# kdestroy | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Использование протокола GSSAPI для сервиса sshd ===== | ||
- | Generic Security Services Application Program Interface | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Регистрация принципала сервиса в базе данных kerberos ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD, Ubuntu (8.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# kadmin -l | ||
- | kadmin> add -r host/gate.corpX.un | ||
- | ... | ||
- | kadmin> | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (10.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# kadmin.local | ||
- | kadmin.local: addprinc -randkey host/gate.corpX.un | ||
- | ... | ||
- | kadmin.local: listprincs | ||
- | |||
- | kadmin.local: quit | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Перемещение ключа сервиса на сервер ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD, Ubuntu (8.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | kadmin> ext -k /usr/student/gate.keytab host/gate.corpX.un | ||
- | kadmin> quit | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (10.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | kadmin.local: ktadd -k /usr/student/gate.keytab host/gate.corpX.un | ||
- | kadmin.local: quit | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD, Ubuntu === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# chown student ~student/gate.keytab | ||
- | |||
- | gate# scp student@server:gate.keytab . | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD, Ubuntu (8.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | gate# ktutil copy gate.keytab /etc/krb5.keytab | ||
- | gate# touch /etc/srvtab | ||
- | gate# ktutil list | ||
- | ... | ||
- | |||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (10.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@gate:~# ktutil | ||
- | ktutil: rkt gate.keytab | ||
- | ktutil: list | ||
- | ktutil: wkt /etc/krb5.keytab | ||
- | ktutil: quit | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Настройка сервиса sshd на использование GSSAPI ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | gate# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | ||
- | ... | ||
- | GSSAPIAuthentication yes | ||
- | ... | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Настройка клиента ssh на использование GSSAPI ==== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | server# cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config | ||
- | ... | ||
- | GSSAPIAuthentication yes | ||
- | ... | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Использование pam kerberos для сервиса sshd ===== | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Настройка pam ==== | ||
- | |||
- | === FreeBSD === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | [server:~] # cat /etc/pam.d/system | ||
- | ... | ||
- | # auth | ||
- | ... | ||
- | auth sufficient pam_krb5.so no_warn try_first_pass | ||
- | #auth sufficient pam_ssh.so no_warn try_first_pass | ||
- | auth required pam_unix.so no_warn try_first_pass nullok | ||
- | ... | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (8.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# apt-get install libpam-heimdal | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu (10.04) === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# apt-get install libpam-krb5 | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | === Ubuntu === | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | root@server:~# cat /etc/pam.d/sshd | ||
- | ... | ||
- | auth sufficient pam_krb5.so | ||
- | # Standard Un*x authentication. | ||
- | ... | ||
- | </code> | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Отладка ===== | ||
- | <code> | ||
- | user@server$ ssh -vv gate.corpX.un | ||
- | |||
- | gate# /usr/sbin/sshd -d | ||
- | </code> |