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--- язык_программирования_python [2025/05/24 17:58]
val [Zabbix API приложение]
+++ язык_программирования_python [2025/07/08 09:53] (current)
val
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Язык программирования Python ======
+  * [[https://habr.com/ru/articles/277679/|Пишем shell скрипты на Python и можно ли заменить им Bash]]
 ===== Виртуальная среда Python =====
   * [[https://blog.sedicomm.com/2021/06/29/chto-takoe-venv-i-virtualenv-v-python-i-kak-ih-ispolzovat/|Что такое venv и virtualenv в Python, и как их использовать]]
-  * [[https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/|https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/]]
+  * [[https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/|Install packages in a virtual environment using pip and venv]]
-  * [[https://www.workroom-productions.com/serving-a-directory-with-flask/|Publishing a Directory with Flask]]
+  * [[https://habr.com/ru/articles/593529/|Poetry — прекрасная альтернатива pip (шпаргалка)]]
+  * [[https://habr.com/ru/articles/828016/|UV. Обзор пакетного менеджера Python]]
 <code>
+# python3 -V
 # apt install python3-venv
@@ Line 19: / Line 24: @@
 </code>
+===== Интерактивная оболочка REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) =====
+<code>
+(venv1) # python
+</code>
+  * [[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPython]]
+<code>
+(venv1) # pip install ipython
+</code>
+  * [[https://jupyter.org/try-jupyter/notebooks/?path=notebooks/Intro.ipynb|try-jupyter/notebooks]]
+  * [[https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/pyplot.html|Pyplot tutorial]]
 ===== Web приложение =====
+  * [[https://webadventures.ru/sravnenie-wsgi-serverov-uvicorn-i-gunicorn/|Сравнение WSGI-серверов:uvicorn и Gunicorn]]
+==== Flask Gunicorn ====
+  * [[#Виртуальная среда Python]]
+  * [[https://habr.com/ru/articles/750312/|Python декораторы на максималках. Универсальный рецепт по написанию и аннотированию от мала до велика]]
+  * [[https://www.workroom-productions.com/serving-a-directory-with-flask/|Publishing a Directory with Flask]]
   * [[https://python.ivan-shamaev.ru/run-install-deploy-flask-web-app-docker-dockerfile-compose/|Создание Web-приложения Flask и деплой с помощью Docker Compose & Dockerfile]]
   * [[https://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/running-your-flask-application-over-https|Running Your Flask Application Over HTTPS]]
   * [[https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html|configparser — Configuration file parser]]
-  * [[#Виртуальная среда Python]]
 <code>
@@ Line 37: / Line 64: @@
 import os
 import configparser
+config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+config.read('/etc/pywebd/pywebd.conf')
+if 'PYWEBD_DOC_ROOT' in os.environ:
+  pywebd_doc_root = os.environ.get('PYWEBD_DOC_ROOT')
+else:
+  pywebd_doc_root = config['default']['DocumentRoot']
 app = Flask(__name__)
@@ Line 50: / Line 85: @@
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
-    config.read('/etc/pywebd/pywebd.conf')
-#    pywebd_port = os.environ.get('PYWEBD_PORT',config['default']['Listen'])
-#    pywebd_doc_root = os.environ.get('PYWEBD_DOC_ROOT',config['default']['DocumentRoot'])
-    if 'PYWEBD_PORT' in os.environ:
-      pywebd_port = os.environ.get('PYWEBD_PORT')
-    else:
-      pywebd_port = config['default']['Listen']
-    if 'PYWEBD_DOC_ROOT' in os.environ:
-      pywebd_doc_root = os.environ.get('PYWEBD_DOC_ROOT')
-    else:
-       pywebd_doc_root = config['default']['DocumentRoot']
-    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=pywebd_port, debug=True)
+  if 'PYWEBD_PORT' in os.environ: pywebd_port = os.environ.get('PYWEBD_PORT')
-#    app.run(ssl_context=('/etc/pywebd/pywebd.crt', '/etc/pywebd/pywebd.key'), debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=pywebd_port)
+  else: pywebd_port = config['default']['Listen']
+  app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=pywebd_port, debug=True)
+#  app.run(ssl_context=('/etc/pywebd/pywebd.crt', '/etc/pywebd/pywebd.key'), debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=pywebd_port)
 </code><code>
 # mkdir -p /etc/pywebd/
@@ Line 89: / Line 114: @@
 (venv1) :~/pywebd$ pip freeze | tee requirements.txt
+(venv1) :~/pywebd$ #pip install gunicorn
+(venv1) :~/pywebd$ #gunicorn app:app --bind 0.0.0.0:8000
 </code>
-===== CRUD Rest API приложение =====
+==== FastAPI Uvicorn ====
-  * [[https://dev.to/francescoxx/python-crud-rest-api-using-flask-sqlalchemy-postgres-docker-docker-compose-3kh4|Python CRUD Rest API using Flask, SQLAlchemy, Postgres, Docker, Docker Compose]]
+  * [[https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/]]
+  * [[https://habr.com/ru/articles/593529/|Poetry — прекрасная альтернатива pip (шпаргалка)]]
+<code>
+server# ###docker run -ti --rm --name pywebd2 python:3.11-alpine sh
+/ # ### pip install poetry
+server# apt install python3-poetry; export PYTHON_KEYRING_BACKEND=keyring.backends.null.Keyring #https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74438817/poetry-failed-to-unlock-the-collection
+/ # poetry new pywebd2
+/ # cd pywebd2
+/pywebd2 # poetry add fastapi dotenv uvicorn ###gunicorn
+/pywebd2 # more pyproject.toml
+/pywebd2 # cat app.py
+</code><code>
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+import os
+CONST_VER = "ver1.1"
+hostname = os.uname().nodename
+load_dotenv()
+pywebd_message = os.environ.get('PYWEBD_MESSAGE')
+app = FastAPI()
+@app.get("/")
+async def home():
+   return {"data": f"{pywebd_message} from {hostname} app {CONST_VER}"}
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import uvicorn
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
+</code><code>
+/pywebd2 # cat .env
+</code><code>
+PYWEBD_MESSAGE="Hello World!!!"
+</code>
+  * [[https://tproger.ru/articles/testiruem-na-python-unittest-i-pytest-instrukcija-dlja-nachinajushhih|Тестируем на Python: unittest и pytest. Инструкция для начинающих]]
+  * [[https://habr.com/ru/articles/349860/|Регулярные выражения в Python от простого к сложному. Подробности, примеры, картинки, упражнения]]
+  * [[https://regex101.com/|Online Regular expression tester with syntax highlighting]]
+<code>
+/pywebd2 # cat tests/test_ver_format.py
+</code><code>
+import app, re
+assert re.match(r'^ver\d+\.\d+$', app.CONST_VER),"Incorrect VER format"
+</code><code>
+/pywebd2 # poetry run python3 -m unittest
+/pywebd2 # #export PYWEBD_MESSAGE="Another message"
+/pywebd2 # poetry run python3 app.py
+/pywebd2 # poetry run uvicorn app:app --reload --host 0.0.0.0 --port 4080
+</code>
+  * [[https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2154|TypeError: __call__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'send']]
+<code>
+/pywebd2 # ###poetry run gunicorn app:app --bind 0.0.0.0:6080 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
+</code>
+===== Zabbix LLD приложение =====
+  * [[https://askubuntu.com/questions/244378/running-python-file-in-terminal|Running Python File in Terminal]]
+  * [[https://pythonworld.ru/moduli/modul-subprocess.html|Модуль subprocess]]
+  * [[https://habr.com/ru/articles/488112/|Понимание итераторов в Python]]
+  * [[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-find-dictionary-matching-value-in-list/|Find dictionary matching value in list - Python]]
+  * [[https://docs-python.ru/tutorial/vstroennye-funktsii-interpretatora-python/funktsija-next/|Функция next() в Python, следующий элемент итератора]]
+==== Пример 1 ====
+<code>
+gate# apt install python3-xmltodict/stable
+gate# cat /etc/zabbix/dhcp-pools.py
+</code><code>
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# Example usage:
+# ./dhcp-pools.py
+# ./dhcp-pools.py LAN1 defined|used
+from sys import argv
+import subprocess, xmltodict, json
+p = subprocess.Popen("/usr/bin/dhcpd-pools -f x", stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
+(output, err) = p.communicate()
+p_status = p.wait()
+o = xmltodict.parse(output)
+#print (o)
+if len(argv)==1:
+  r=[]
+  for i in o['dhcpstatus']['shared-network']:
+    s={}
+    s["{#POOLNAME}"]=i['location']
+    r.insert(1,s)
+  print(json.dumps(r))
+else:
+  LANNAME=argv[1]
+  USDEF=argv[2]
+  res = next((sub for sub in o['dhcpstatus']['shared-network'] if sub['location'] == LANNAME), None)
+  print(res[USDEF])
+</code>
+==== Пример 2 ====
+<code>
+# cat /usr/local/bin/asterisk.chansip.discovery.py
+</code><code>
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import subprocess, io, json
+result=[]
+proc = subprocess.Popen('/usr/sbin/asterisk -x "sip show users" | tail -n +2 | cut -d" " -f1', stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
+for line in io.TextIOWrapper(proc.stdout, encoding="utf-8"):
+  #print(line.rstrip())
+  s={}
+  s["{#CHANNAME}"]="SIP/"+line.rstrip()
+  result.insert(1,s)
+print(json.dumps(result))
+</code>
+Вариант от DeepSeek
+<code>
+# cat /usr/local/bin/asterisk.chansip.discovery.ds.py
+</code><code>
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import subprocess
+import json
+# Запускаем команду и сразу получаем вывод
+output = subprocess.check_output(
+    '/usr/sbin/asterisk -x "sip show users" | tail -n +2 | cut -d" " -f1',
+    shell=True,
+    text=True
+)
+# Формируем список словарей в одну строку
+result = [{"{#CHANNAME}": f"SIP/{line.strip()}"} for line in output.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+# Выводим результат в формате JSON
+print(json.dumps(result))
+</code>
 ===== Zabbix API приложение =====
+  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/api]]
   * [[https://sbcode.net/zabbix/zabbix-api-python-example/]]
+  * [[https://forum.checkmk.com/t/rest-api-python-question-how-to-use-variables-in-json-post-in-key-and-value/34652]]
 <code>
 (venv1) server:~# pip install requests
-(venv1) server:~# cat zab_get_problem.py
+(venv1) server:~# cat zab_set_map_name.py
 </code><code>
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 import requests
 import json
+from sys import argv
+if len(argv) != 3 :
+    print("You must set argument!!!\nExample: python zab_set_map_name.py 2 \"ISP 1\"")
+    quit()
+MAPID = argv[1]
+MAPNAME = argv[2]
 ZABBIX_API_URL = "http://127.0.0.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
@@ Line 112: / Line 307: @@
 PWORD = "zabbix"
+print("\nLogin user {} to Zabbiz API".format(UNAME))
 r = requests.post(ZABBIX_API_URL,
                   json={
@@ Line 126: / Line 322: @@
 AUTHTOKEN = r.json()["result"]
-print(AUTHTOKEN)
+#print("Rename Map with ID", MAPID, "to", MAPNAME)
+print(f"Rename Map with ID {MAPID} to {MAPNAME}")
-# Retrieve a list of problems
-print("\nRetrieve a list of problems")
 r = requests.post(ZABBIX_API_URL,
                   headers={'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + AUTHTOKEN},
                   json={
-                      "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-                      "method": "problem.get",
+                    "method": "map.update",
-                      "params": {},
+                    "params": {
-                      "id": 2,
+                        "sysmapid": MAPID,
+                        "name": MAPNAME
+                    },
+                    "id": 2
                   })
 print(json.dumps(r.json(), indent=4, sort_keys=True))
-#Logout user
 print("\nLogout user")
 r = requests.post(ZABBIX_API_URL,
@@ Line 154: / Line 351: @@
 print(json.dumps(r.json(), indent=4, sort_keys=True))
 </code><code>
-(venv1) server:~# python3 zab_get_problem.py
+(venv1) server:~# chmod +x zab_set_map_name.py
+(venv1) server:~# ./zab_set_map_name.py 2 "ISP 1"
 </code>
+===== CRUD Rest API приложение =====
+  * [[https://dev.to/francescoxx/python-crud-rest-api-using-flask-sqlalchemy-postgres-docker-docker-compose-3kh4|Python CRUD Rest API using Flask, SQLAlchemy, Postgres, Docker, Docker Compose]]
 ===== Дополнительные материалы =====
+  * [[https://pypi.org/project/ansible-output-parser/]]
+  * [[https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/python-run-external-command-and-get-output/]]
+  * [[https://selectel.ru/blog/tutorials/how-to-develop-fastapi-application/]]
 ==== Доступ к каталогу по http ====
@@ Line 166: / Line 375: @@
 </code>
+==== Черновик ====

Методические материалы Лохтурова Вячеслава

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