Управление ПО в Linux

• Выбор дистрибутива Linux

• Dpkg - Википедия
• https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=asterisk

# less /var/lib/dpkg/status

• Установка сервиса OpenFire (!!! требует JRE)

$ dpkg -l | grep openfire

$ dpkg -L cgatepro-linux

$ dpkg -S /etc/init.d/ssh

$ dpkg -S /opt/CommuniGate/mail

# dpkg-reconfigure snort

# dpkg -r cgatepro-linux

• APT wikipedia на русском
• APT HOWTO на русском
• Debian SourcesList
• Ubuntu What's the difference between multiverse, universe, restricted and main?

$ apt moo

• Мировые серверы-зеркала Debian

# apt install netselect-apt

# netselect-apt

# less /etc/apt/sources.list

# sed -i -e 's/deb.debian.org/mirror.docker.ru/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

# apt update

• Install SQL Server on Ubuntu
• Для установки Elasticsearch и остальных продуктов Elastic, можно использовать репозиторий https://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors.

# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
...
deb [trusted=yes] https://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/elastic/8/ stable main
...

# apt update

$ apt search antivirus

$ apt show clamav-daemon

$ apt depends ssh

# apt install clamav-daemon

# DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt -y install postfix

# apt remove snort

# apt autoremove

# apt purge snort

# apt purge unattended-upgrades

• Ubuntu security notices

# apt list --upgradable

# apt-show-versions -i

# apt-show-versions -u

# apt-show-versions -u | grep security

$ ubuntu-support-status --show-all

• AutoWeeklyUpdateHowTo

# apt upgrade

# apt install apt-file 

# apt-file update

# apt-file search stddef.h

# apt-file search identify | grep '/bin'

# apt clean

• Run sudo apt-get install without internet connection

• Удаление архива установленных пакетов

# apt install -d zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-agent

# find /var/cache/apt/archives/

# cd /var/cache/apt/archives/

• Сервис NFS Установка, настройка и запуск сервиса
• Сервис NFS Установка nfs клиента
• Сервис NFS Установка ПО

• Если установка прервалась на середине процесса, и вы больше не можете ни установить, ни удалить пакеты:

 
# apt -f install

# reboot
# dpkg --configure -a

# dpkg --force-all -P linux-headers*

• Если dpkg валится с ошибкой кофигурации, можно пометить пакет как нормально установленный взять за основу файл конфигурации из документации

root@server# cat /var/lib/dpkg/status

...
Package: netams
Status: install ok installed
...

root@server:~# cp /usr/share/doc/netams/examples/netams.conf /var/lib/netams/netams.conf

• Переменные окружения

• http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPM
• RPM Command: 15 Examples to Install, Uninstall, Upgrade, Query RPM Packages
• Использование предварительно скомпилированных пакетов RPM и сборка приложений из исходных кодов

# rpm -aq

# wget -O openfire-4.3.2-1.x86_64.rpm https://www.igniterealtime.org/downloadServlet?filename=openfire/openfire-4.3.2-1.x86_64.rpm

# rpm -i openfire-4.3.2-1.x86_64.rpm

# rpm -q -l openfire-4.3.2-1.x86_64

# rpm -q -f /bin/sort

# rpm -q -l -p openfire-4.3.2-1.x86_64.rpm

http://www.bog.pp.ru/work/yum.html

$ yum list installed

$ yum search mysql

$ yum provides semanage

$ yum provides "*/Print.h"

$ yum info mysql-server

# yum install mysql-server

$ yum list updates 

# yum update mysql-server

# yum update

# yum remove mysql-server

# cat /etc/yum.conf
...
proxy=http://10.1.1.254:3128/

# yum grouplist

centos# yum -y groups install "GNOME Desktop"
almalinux# yum groupinstall "Server with GUI"

almalinux# systemctl set-default graphical && reboot

• emerge - консольный интерфейс к системе портежей
• Using Emerge to Install/Remove Packages

# emerge --sync

$ emerge -s lynx

# emerge lynx

# emerge app-admin/sudo

• -p - показать, но не делать

# emerge -p -v www-client/lynx

# USE="-bzip2" emerge www-client/lynx

# ldd /usr/bin/lynx

# emerge -puvD world

# emerge -uvD world

# emerge -c www-client/lynx

• Basic snap usage
• How to list files installed by a snap package?
• Installing snap on Debian
• Инструмент Gitea

debian# apt install snapd

# snap refresh

$ snap search firefox

# snap install hello

$ snap list

# find /snap/ | grep hello

$ hello

# snap refresh hello

# snap remove hello

• Технология Docker
• Сервис TACACS+
• Сервис Grafana

• https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/20979/how-do-i-list-all-installed-programs

$ ls /usr/share/applications | awk -F '.desktop' ' { print $1}' -

• Компиляция и установка программ из исходников

# apt install build-essential autoconf automake

# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf automake

# yum install glibc glibc-common

• Сборка asterisk из исходных текстов

# apt install build-essential

root@gate:~# apt build-dep snort

root@gate:~# apt source snort

http://www.snortsam.net/files/snort-plugin/readme.txt

root@gate:~# wget http://www.snortsam.net/files/snort-plugin/snortsam-2.8.5.diff.gz

root@gate:~# gunzip snortsam-2.8.5.diff.gz

root@gate:~# cd snort-2.8.5.2/

root@gate:~/snort-2.8.5.2# patch -p1 < ../snortsam-2.8.5.diff
patching file autojunk.sh
...
patching file etc/snort.conf
Hunk #1 FAILED at 883.
1 out of 1 hunk FAILED -- saving rejects to file etc/snort.conf.rej

root@gate:~/snort-2.8.5.2# apt-get install automake

root@gate:~/snort-2.8.5.2# sh autojunk.sh

root@gate:~/snort-2.8.5.2# ./configure --help

root@gate:~/snort-2.8.5.2# dpkg-buildpackage -b

root@gate:~/snort-2.8.5.2# cd ..

root@gate:~# dpkg -i snort-common-libraries_2.8.5.2-2build1_i386.deb snort-common_2.8.5.2-2build1_all.deb snort-rules-default_2.8.5.2-2build1_all.deb snort_2.8.5.2-2build1_i386.deb

• Создание зеркала репозиториев с помощью apt-mirror

root@rep:~# apt-get install apt-mirror

root@rep:~# cd /var/spool/

root@rep:/var/spool# mv apt-mirror/ /disk2/

root@rep:/var/spool# ln -s /disk2/apt-mirror/ apt-mirror

root@rep:~# cat /etc/apt/mirror.list

set nthreads     20
set _tilde 0
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted universe multiverse
clean http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

root@rep:~# apt-mirror -c apt-mirror

root@rep:~# apt-get install apache2

root@rep:~# ln -s /var/spool/apt-mirror/mirror/ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu /var/www/ubuntu

[repository:~] # pkg_add -r dpkg
[repository:~] # pkg_add -r wget

[repository:~] # cd /usr/local/
[repository:/usr/local] # fetch http://apt-mirror.sourceforge.net/apt-mirror/apt-mirror_0.4.8.orig.tar.gz
[repository:/usr/local] # tar -xvf apt-mirror_0.4.8.orig.tar.gz

[repository:~] # mkdir /etc/apt/
[repository:~] # cp /usr/local/apt-mirror-0.4.8/mirror.list /etc/apt/
[repository:~] # grep -v '^#' /etc/apt/mirror.list
set defaultarch i386
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse
clean http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/debian

[repository:~] # mkdir -p /var/spool/apt-mirror/mirror
[repository:~] # mkdir -p /var/spool/apt-mirror/var

[repository:~] # cp /usr/local/apt-mirror-0.4.8/postmirror.sh /var/spool/apt-mirror/var/

[repository:~] # /usr/local/apt-mirror-0.4.8/apt-mirror
[repository:~] # rm /var/spool/apt-mirror/var/apt-mirror.lock

[repository:~] # pkg_add -r apache22
[repository:~] # ln -s /var/spool/apt-mirror/mirror/ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu /usr/local/www/apache22/data/ubuntu

# cat /etc/apt/sources.list 
deb http://rep/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted universe multiverse