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сервис_nat [2014/07/04 15:51] val [Ubuntu (iptables)] |
сервис_nat [2022/07/26 06:26] val [Debian/Ubuntu (iptables)] |
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| ====== Сервис NAT ====== | ====== Сервис NAT ====== | ||
| + | * [[http://stackoff.ru/ip/|Определение внутреннего IP-адреса за NAT и VPN через WebRTC]] | ||
| ===== Трансляция на основе адреса отправителя ===== | ===== Трансляция на основе адреса отправителя ===== | ||
| - | ==== Ubuntu (iptables) ==== | + | ==== Debian/Ubuntu (iptables) ==== |
| === Заполнение таблицы nat (eth1 - внешний интерфейс) === | === Заполнение таблицы nat (eth1 - внешний интерфейс) === | ||
| <code> | <code> | ||
| - | root@gate:~# apt-get install conntrack | + | debian11# apt install iptables |
| + | |||
| + | root@gate:~# apt install conntrack | ||
| root@gate:~# cat nat.sh | root@gate:~# cat nat.sh | ||
| Line 26: | Line 29: | ||
| root@gate:~# iptables -t nat -n -L -v --line-numbers | root@gate:~# iptables -t nat -n -L -v --line-numbers | ||
| - | root@gate:~# apt-get install netstat-nat | + | root@gate:~# conntrack -L |
| - | + | ||
| - | root@gate:~# netstat-nat -n | + | |
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | === Сохранение состояния iptables === | + | === Управление состоянием iptables === |
| + | |||
| + | == Вариант 1 == | ||
| + | |||
| + | = Сохранение состояния iptables = | ||
| <code> | <code> | ||
| root@gate:~# iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules | root@gate:~# iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | === Восстановление состояния iptables === | + | = Восстановление состояния iptables = |
| <code> | <code> | ||
| root@gate:~# iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules | root@gate:~# iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | === Восстановление состояния iptables при загрузке === | + | = Восстановление состояния iptables при загрузке = |
| <code> | <code> | ||
| root@gate:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces | root@gate:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces | ||
| Line 52: | Line 57: | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | == Вариант 2 == | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | # apt install iptables-persistent | ||
| + | |||
| + | # netfilter-persistent save | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | ==== CentOS (firewalld) ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[https://www.mjhall.org/centos-7-firewalld-nat-router.html|CentOS 7 firewalld NAT router]] | ||
| ==== FreeBSD ==== | ==== FreeBSD ==== | ||
| Line 67: | Line 81: | ||
| pf_enable=yes | pf_enable=yes | ||
| </code><code> | </code><code> | ||
| - | [gate:~] # /etc/rc.d/pf check | + | [gate:~] # service pf check |
| - | [gate:~] # /etc/rc.d/pf start | + | [gate:~] # service pf start |
| [gate:~] # pfctl -vs nat | [gate:~] # pfctl -vs nat | ||
| Line 76: | Line 90: | ||
| ===== Трансляция портов сервисов ===== | ===== Трансляция портов сервисов ===== | ||
| - | ==== Ubuntu (iptables) ==== | + | ==== Debian/Ubuntu (iptables) ==== |
| <code> | <code> | ||
| Line 89: | Line 103: | ||
| iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:22 | iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:22 | ||
| - | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 25 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:25 | ||
| iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:53 | iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:53 | ||
| iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:53 | iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:53 | ||
| - | iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:80 | + | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 25 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:25 |
| - | iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 143 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:143 | + | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 465 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:465 |
| + | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 587 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:587 | ||
| + | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 143 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:143 | ||
| + | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:80 | ||
| + | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 5222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:5222 | ||
| - | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.100+X.0/24 --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 3128 | ||
| #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 5060 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:5060 | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 5060 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:5060 | ||
| + | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 5061 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:5061 | ||
| #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp -m multiport --dport 10000:20000 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10 | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp -m multiport --dport 10000:20000 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10 | ||
| #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 4569 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:4569 | #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 4569 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:4569 | ||
| Line 115: | Line 132: | ||
| ext_if="em1" | ext_if="em1" | ||
| corp_net="192.168.X/24" | corp_net="192.168.X/24" | ||
| - | pppoe_corp_net="192.168.100+X/24" | + | #pppoe_corp_net="192.168.100+X/24" |
| ssh_server="192.168.X.10" | ssh_server="192.168.X.10" | ||
| Line 148: | Line 165: | ||
| [gate:/etc] # /etc/rc.d/pf reload | [gate:/etc] # /etc/rc.d/pf reload | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Поддержка протоколов приложений ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== tftp ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/579508/iptables-rules-to-forward-tftp-via-nat|iptables rules to forward tftp via NAT]] | ||
| + | |||
| ===== Мониторинг соединений ===== | ===== Мониторинг соединений ===== | ||
| Line 172: | Line 196: | ||
| [gate:~] # pfctl -F state | [gate:~] # pfctl -F state | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| ===== Дополнительные материалы ===== | ===== Дополнительные материалы ===== | ||
сервис_nat.txt · Last modified: 2024/04/23 14:00 by val
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