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сервис_nat [2014/03/31 09:31]
val [Ubuntu (iptables)] 		сервис_nat [2024/04/23 14:00] (current)
val [nftables]
Line 1: Line 1:
 ====== Сервис NAT ====== ====== Сервис NAT ======
  
 +  * [[http://​stackoff.ru/​ip/​|Определение внутреннего IP-адреса за NAT и VPN через WebRTC]]
 ===== Трансляция на основе адреса отправителя ===== ===== Трансляция на основе адреса отправителя =====
  
-==== Ubuntu (iptables) ====+==== Debian/Ubuntu (iptables) ====
  
 === Заполнение таблицы nat (eth1 - внешний интерфейс) === === Заполнение таблицы nat (eth1 - внешний интерфейс) ===
 <​code>​ <​code>​
-root@gate:​~#​ apt-get install conntrack+debian11# apt install iptables 
 + 
 +root@gate:​~#​ apt install conntrack
  
 root@gate:​~#​ cat nat.sh root@gate:​~#​ cat nat.sh
Line 26: Line 29:
 root@gate:​~#​ iptables -t nat -n -L -v --line-numbers root@gate:​~#​ iptables -t nat -n -L -v --line-numbers
  
-root@gate:​~# ​apt-get install netstat-nat +root@gate:​~# ​conntrack ​-L
- +
-root@gate:​~#​ netstat-nat -n+
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
-=== Сохранение состояния iptables ​===+=== Управление состоянием iptables === 
 + 
 +== Вариант 1 == 
 + 
 +== Сохранение состояния iptables ==
 <​code>​ <​code>​
 root@gate:​~#​ iptables-save > /​etc/​iptables.rules root@gate:​~#​ iptables-save > /​etc/​iptables.rules
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
-=== Восстановление состояния iptables ​===+== Восстановление состояния iptables ==
 <​code>​ <​code>​
 root@gate:​~#​ iptables-restore < /​etc/​iptables.rules root@gate:​~#​ iptables-restore < /​etc/​iptables.rules
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
-=== Восстановление состояния iptables при загрузке ​===+== Восстановление состояния iptables при загрузке ==
 <​code>​ <​code>​
 root@gate:​~#​ cat /​etc/​network/​interfaces root@gate:​~#​ cat /​etc/​network/​interfaces
Line 52: Line 57:
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
 +== Вариант 2 ==
 +<​code>​
 +# apt install iptables-persistent
 +
 +# netfilter-persistent save
 +</​code>​
 +
 +==== nftables ====
 +
 +  * [[https://​wiki.nftables.org/​wiki-nftables/​index.php/​Performing_Network_Address_Translation_(NAT)|Performing Network Address Translation (NAT)]]
 +  * https://​wiki.debian.org/​nftables
 +
 +<​code>​
 +gate### apt install nftables
 +
 +gate# man nft
 +
 +gate# nft add table nat
 +
 +gate# nft 'add chain nat postrouting { type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat ; }'
 +
 +gate# nft add rule nat postrouting ip saddr 192.168.X.0/​24 oif eth1 snat to 172.16.1.X
 +gate# nft add rule nat postrouting ip saddr 192.168.100+X.0/​24 oif eth1 snat to 172.16.1.X
 +
 +gate# nft list ruleset
 +
 +gate# nft flush ruleset
 +
 +gate# systemctl enable nftables.service --now
 +
 +gate# cat /​etc/​nftables.conf
 +</​code><​code>​
 +...
 +table ip nat {
 +        chain postrouting {
 +                type nat hook postrouting priority srcnat; policy accept;
 +                ip saddr 192.168.100+X.0/​24 oif "​eth1"​ snat to 172.16.1.X
 +        }
 +}
 +</​code><​code>​
 +gate# systemctl reload nftables.service
 +</​code>​
 +
 +==== CentOS (firewalld) ====
 +
 +  * [[https://​www.mjhall.org/​centos-7-firewalld-nat-router.html|CentOS 7 firewalld NAT router]]
 ==== FreeBSD ==== ==== FreeBSD ====
  
Line 67: Line 118:
 pf_enable=yes pf_enable=yes
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
-[gate:~] # /etc/rc.d/pf check+[gate:~] # service ​pf check
  
-[gate:~] # /etc/rc.d/pf start+[gate:~] # service ​pf start
  
 [gate:~] # pfctl -vs nat [gate:~] # pfctl -vs nat
Line 76: Line 127:
 ===== Трансляция портов сервисов ===== ===== Трансляция портов сервисов =====
  
-==== Ubuntu (iptables) ====+==== Debian/Ubuntu (iptables) ====
  
 <​code>​ <​code>​
Line 89: Line 140:
  
 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​22 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 2222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​22
-#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 25 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​25 
 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​53 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​53
 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​53 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​53
-iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport ​80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​80 +#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport ​25 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​25 
-iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 143 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​143+#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 465 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​465 
 +#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 587 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​587 
 +#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 143 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​143 
 +#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​80 
 +#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 5222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​5222 
  
 #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 5060 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​5060 #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 5060 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​5060
 +#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p tcp --dport 5061 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​5061
 #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp -m multiport --dport 10000:20000 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10 #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp -m multiport --dport 10000:20000 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10
 #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 4569 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​4569 #iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 --destination 172.16.1.X -p udp --dport 4569 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.10:​4569
Line 113: Line 169:
 ext_if="​em1"​ ext_if="​em1"​
 corp_net="​192.168.X/​24"​ corp_net="​192.168.X/​24"​
-pppoe_corp_net="​192.168.100+X/​24"​+#pppoe_corp_net="​192.168.100+X/​24"​
  
 ssh_server="​192.168.X.10"​ ssh_server="​192.168.X.10"​
Line 146: Line 202:
 [gate:/etc] # /​etc/​rc.d/​pf reload [gate:/etc] # /​etc/​rc.d/​pf reload
 </​code>​ </​code>​
 +
 +===== Поддержка протоколов приложений =====
 +
 +==== tftp ====
 +
 +  * [[https://​unix.stackexchange.com/​questions/​579508/​iptables-rules-to-forward-tftp-via-nat|iptables rules to forward tftp via NAT]]
 +
  
 ===== Мониторинг соединений ===== ===== Мониторинг соединений =====
Line 170: Line 233:
 [gate:~] # pfctl -F state [gate:~] # pfctl -F state
 </​code>​ </​code>​
 +
 +
 +
 ===== Дополнительные материалы ===== ===== Дополнительные материалы =====
  
сервис_nat.1396243910.txt.gz · Last modified: 2014/03/31 09:31 by val

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