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технология_vagrant [2022/08/15 13:59]
val [Внутри Vagrantfile]
технология_vagrant [2024/03/11 19:00] (current)
val [Multi-Machine Vagrant Environments]
Line 1: Line 1:
 ====== Технология Vagrant ====== ====== Технология Vagrant ======
 +
 +  * [[https://​ru.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​Vagrant|HashiCorp Vagrant]]
  
   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​|Vagrant - Development Environments Made Easy]]   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​|Vagrant - Development Environments Made Easy]]
Line 7: Line 9:
   * [[https://​oracle-base.com/​articles/​vm/​create-a-vagrant-base-box-virtualbox|Create a Vagrant Base Box (VirtualBox)]]   * [[https://​oracle-base.com/​articles/​vm/​create-a-vagrant-base-box-virtualbox|Create a Vagrant Base Box (VirtualBox)]]
  
-  * [[https://​www.vultr.com/​docs/​stop-dhcp-from-changing-resolve-conf/​|Stop DHCP From Changing resolv.conf]] 
  
 ===== Установка ===== ===== Установка =====
  
-  * [[https://​val.bmstu.ru/​unix/​HashiCorp/​vagrant_2.2.10_x86_64.msi]]+  ​* [[https://​hashicorp-releases.yandexcloud.net/​vagrant/​]] 
 + 
 +  ​* [[https://​val.bmstu.ru/​unix/​HashiCorp/​vagrant_2.2.10_x86_64.msi]] ​ 
 +  * [[http://​gate.isp.un/​unix/​HashiCorp/​vagrant_2.2.10_x86_64.msi]]  
 +  * Можно не перезагружать систему,​ но нужно перезапустить Cmder
  
 ===== Подготовка командной строки ===== ===== Подготовка командной строки =====
  
-==== win cmd === 
  
-<​code>​ 
-C:​\Users\Administrator>​ C:​\HashiCorp\Vagrant\bin\vagrant.exe 
-</​code>​ 
  
 ==== Cmder ==== ==== Cmder ====
  
   * [[Cmder]]   * [[Cmder]]
- 
 <​code>​ <​code>​
-λ alias vagrant=C:​\HashiCorp\Vagrant\bin\vagrant.exe $* 
- 
 λ bash λ bash
  
-$ alias vagrant=C:/​\HashiCorp/​\Vagrant/​\bin/​\vagrant.exe $* +λ cd
-или +
-$ alias vagrant=/​c/​HashiCorp/​Vagrant/​bin/​vagrant.exe+
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
-==== mobaxterm ==== +
-<​code>​ +
-mobaxterm>​ alias vagrant=/​drives/​c/​HashiCorp/​Vagrant/​bin/​vagrant.exe $* +
-</​code>​+
  
  
Line 45: Line 38:
   * [[https://​oracle-base.com/​articles/​vm/​create-a-vagrant-base-box-virtualbox|Create a Vagrant Base Box (VirtualBox)]] + [[https://​bbs.archlinux.org/​viewtopic.php?​id=270005|[SOLVED] Latest sshd not accepting key algorithms]]   * [[https://​oracle-base.com/​articles/​vm/​create-a-vagrant-base-box-virtualbox|Create a Vagrant Base Box (VirtualBox)]] + [[https://​bbs.archlinux.org/​viewtopic.php?​id=270005|[SOLVED] Latest sshd not accepting key algorithms]]
   * [[https://​vagrantcloud.com/​debian/​bullseye64]]   * [[https://​vagrantcloud.com/​debian/​bullseye64]]
 +
 +  * [[https://​val.bmstu.ru/​unix/​HashiCorp/​ubuntu_20.04.box]]
 +  * [[http://​gate.isp.un/​unix/​HashiCorp/​ubuntu_20.04.box]]
 +
 +  * [[Переменные окружения]]
 +  * [[https://​stackoverflow.com/​questions/​19872591/​how-to-use-vagrant-in-a-proxy-environment|How to use vagrant in a proxy environment?​]]
  
 <​code>​ <​code>​
Line 53: Line 52:
 $ vagrant box list $ vagrant box list
  
-$ vagrant package --base ubuntu_20.04_03 --output /​c/​distrs/​ubuntu_20.04.box+### vagrant package --base ubuntu_20.04_03 --output /​c/​distrs/​ubuntu_20.04.box
  
 $ vagrant box add /​c/​distrs/​ubuntu_20.04.box --name specialist/​ubuntu20 $ vagrant box add /​c/​distrs/​ubuntu_20.04.box --name specialist/​ubuntu20
  
 $ vagrant box list $ vagrant box list
 +
 +$ ### vagrant box remove specialist/​ubuntu20
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
Line 75: Line 76:
  
 $ vagrant up $ vagrant up
 +
 +$ ssh -p 2222 student@localhost
  
 $ vagrant ssh $ vagrant ssh
  
 $ vagrant global-status $ vagrant global-status
 +
 +$ vagrant global-status --prune
  
 $ vagrant halt $ vagrant halt
Line 85: Line 90:
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
-===== Управление оборудованием и Provision =====+===== Управление ​конфигурацией,​ использование переменных ​и Provision ​VM =====
  
   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​docs/​provisioning|Provisioners in Vagrant]]   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​docs/​provisioning|Provisioners in Vagrant]]
   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​docs/​provisioning/​basic_usage|Basic Usage of Provisioners]]   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​docs/​provisioning/​basic_usage|Basic Usage of Provisioners]]
   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​docs/​networking/​public_network|Vagrant public networks]]   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​docs/​networking/​public_network|Vagrant public networks]]
 +
 ==== Внутри Vagrantfile ==== ==== Внутри Vagrantfile ====
  
 +  * [[https://​stackoverflow.com/​questions/​30820949/​print-message-after-booting-vagrant-machine-with-vagrant-up|Print message after booting vagrant machine with "​vagrant up"]]
 +  * [[https://​stackoverflow.com/​questions/​19648088/​pass-environment-variables-to-vagrant-shell-provisioner|Pass environment variables to vagrant shell provisioner]]
 +  * !!! Зрелищнее - по очереди,​ config и provision ​
 <​code>​ <​code>​
-λ npp Vagrantfile ​& +λ cat Vagrantfile 
-</​code>​ +</​code><​code>​
- +
-  Параметр virtualbox__intnet можно не указывать,​ установлен в false по умолчанию +
- +
-<​code>​+
 ... ...
 +X = "​13"​
 +
 Vagrant.configure("​2"​) do |config| Vagrant.configure("​2"​) do |config|
  
-### My net config ###+### My config ###
  
-  config.vm.network "​private_network",​ ip: "​192.168.X.210", virtualbox__intnet:​ false +  ​config.vm.post_up_message = "This is X: " + X 
-  config.vm.hostname ​= "node1.corpX.un"+ 
 +  config.vm.hostname = "​node1.corp"​ + X + "​.un"​ 
 +  ​config.vm.network "​private_network", ​ 
 +    adapter: 2,  
 +    name: "​VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter",​ 
 +    ​ip: "​192.168." + + ".201
 +  config.vm.provider "​virtualbox"​ do |vb| 
 +    vb.memory ​= "2048"​ 
 +    vb.cpus = "2" 
 + 
 +#    file_to_disk = config.vm.hostname + '​_disk2.vdi'​ 
 +#    unless File.exist?​(file_to_disk) 
 +#      vb.customize ['​createhd',​ '​--filename',​ file_to_disk,​ '​--size',​ 4 * 1024] 
 +#    end 
 +#    vb.customize ['​storageattach',​ :id, '​--storagectl',​ '​SATA',​ '​--port',​ 2, '​--device',​ 0, '​--type',​ '​hdd',​ '​--medium',​ file_to_disk] 
 + 
 +  end
   ​   ​
-### /My net config ###+### /My config ###
  
 ### My provision ### ### My provision ###
Line 118: Line 141:
   SHELL   SHELL
  
-  config.vm.provision "​provision_onstart",​ run: "​always",​ type: "​shell",​ inline: <<​-SHELL+  config.vm.provision "​provision_onstart",​ run: "​always",​ type: "​shell", ​ 
 +    env: { 
 + "​X"​ => X, 
 + }, 
 +    ​inline: <<​-SHELL
  
     eval `route -n | awk '{ if ($8 ==\"​eth0\"​ && $2 != \"​0.0.0.0\"​) print \"​route del default gw \" $2; }'`     eval `route -n | awk '{ if ($8 ==\"​eth0\"​ && $2 != \"​0.0.0.0\"​) print \"​route del default gw \" $2; }'`
-    route add default gw 192.168.X.1+    route add default gw 192.168.$X.1
  
     cat <<EOF >/​etc/​resolv.conf     cat <<EOF >/​etc/​resolv.conf
-search ​corpX.un +search ​corp$X.un 
-nameserver 192.168.X.10+nameserver 192.168.$X.10
 EOF EOF
  
Line 132: Line 159:
 ### /My provision ### ### /My provision ###
  
-### My hw config ###+...
  
-  config.vm.provider "​virtualbox"​ do |vb| +end 
-    vb.memory = "​2048"​ +</​code><​code>​ 
-    vb.cpus = "​2"​ +λ vagrant validate
-    file_to_disk = '​node1_disk2.vdi'​ +
-    unless File.exist?​(file_to_disk) +
-      vb.customize ['​createhd',​ '​--filename',​ file_to_disk,​ '​--size',​ 4 * 1024] +
-    ​end +
-    ​vb.customize ['​storageattach',​ :id, '​--storagectl',​ '​SATA',​ '​--port',​ 2, '​--device',​ 0, '​--type',​ '​hdd',​ '​--medium',​ file_to_disk] +
-  end +
- +
-### /My hw config ###+
  
 +λ vagrant up
 ... ...
 +==> default: Machine already provisioned ...
 +...
 +λ vagrant ssh
 +$ date
  
-end 
-</​code>​ 
-<​code>​ 
 λ vagrant reload --provision λ vagrant reload --provision
 +
 +λ vagrant ssh
 +$ date
 </​code>​ </​code>​
 +
 ==== Provision с использованием внешних скриптов ==== ==== Provision с использованием внешних скриптов ====
 +
 +  * [[https://​stackoverflow.com/​questions/​15461898/​passing-variable-to-a-shell-script-provisioner-in-vagrant|Passing variable to a shell script provisioner in vagrant]]
  
 <​code>​ <​code>​
-λ npp provision_once.sh ​&+λ touch provision_once.sh
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
-#sed -i 's/PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/g' /​etc/​ssh/​sshd_config+#!/bin/sh 
 #echo '​root:​strongpassword'​ | chpasswd #echo '​root:​strongpassword'​ | chpasswd
 +#sed -i '​s/​PasswordAuthentication no/​PasswordAuthentication yes/g' /​etc/​ssh/​sshd_config
 +#service ssh restart
  
 echo '​vagrant:​strongpassword'​ | chpasswd echo '​vagrant:​strongpassword'​ | chpasswd
 +
 +(echo '"​\e[A":​ history-search-backward';​ echo '"​\e[B":​ history-search-forward'​) >> /​etc/​inputrc
  
 timedatectl set-timezone Europe/​Moscow timedatectl set-timezone Europe/​Moscow
  
-apt-get update +apt update 
-#apt-get install -y net-tools+#apt install -y docker.io
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
-λ npp provision_onstart.sh ​&+λ touch provision_onstart.sh
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
-route add default gw 192.168.X.1+#!/bin/bash
  
-eval `route -n | awk '{ if ($8 =="​eth0"​ && $2 != "​0.0.0.0"​) print "route del default gw " $2; }'`+X=$1 
 + 
 +echo "​$X"​ 
 + 
 +route add default gw 192.168."​$X"​.1 
 + 
 +eval "$(route -n | awk '{ if ($8 =="​eth0"​ && $2 != "​0.0.0.0"​) print "route del default gw " $2; }')"
  
 chattr -i /​etc/​resolv.conf chattr -i /​etc/​resolv.conf
-echo -e 'search ​corpX.un\nnameserver 192.168.X.10' ​> /​etc/​resolv.conf+echo -e "search ​corp$X.un\nnameserver 192.168.$X.10" ​> /​etc/​resolv.conf
 chattr +i /​etc/​resolv.conf chattr +i /​etc/​resolv.conf
  
 echo "​net.ipv4.ip_forward=1"​ > /​etc/​sysctl.d/​20-my-forward.conf && sysctl -p --system echo "​net.ipv4.ip_forward=1"​ > /​etc/​sysctl.d/​20-my-forward.conf && sysctl -p --system
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
-λ npp Vagrantfile+λ cat Vagrantfile
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
 ... ...
Line 186: Line 224:
  
   config.vm.provision "​provision_once",​ type: "​shell",​ run: "​once",​ path: "​provision_once.sh"​   config.vm.provision "​provision_once",​ type: "​shell",​ run: "​once",​ path: "​provision_once.sh"​
-  ​config.vm.provision "​provision_onstart",​ type: "​shell",​ run: "​always",​ path: "​provision_onstart.sh"​+ 
 +  ​config.vm.provision "​provision_onstart",​ type: "​shell",​ run: "​always", ​ 
 +    args: X + " 2_arg 3_arg",​  
 +    ​path: "​provision_onstart.sh"​
  
 ### /My provision ### ### /My provision ###
 ... ...
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
 +vagrant@node1:​~$ ls /vagrant/
 +
 +vagrant@node1:​~$ shellcheck /​vagrant/​provision_once.sh
 +vagrant@node1:​~$ shellcheck /​vagrant/​provision_onstart.sh
 +
 λ vagrant provision --provision-with provision_once,​provision_onstart λ vagrant provision --provision-with provision_once,​provision_onstart
  
-vagrant@node1:~$ ls /vagrant/+server# ssh vagrant@node1
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
Line 203: Line 249:
 λ cat Vagrantfile λ cat Vagrantfile
 ... ...
-  config.vm.provision "​provision_docker",​ type: "​ansible_local",​ run: "always" do |ansible|+  config.vm.provision "​provision_docker",​ type: "​ansible_local",​ run: "once" do |ansible|
     ansible.playbook = "​provision_docker.yml"​     ansible.playbook = "​provision_docker.yml"​
   end   end
 ... ...
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
-$ vagrant provision --provision-with provision_docker+time vagrant provision --provision-with provision_docker 
 +real    11m2,127s
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
 ===== Multi-Machine Vagrant Environments ===== ===== Multi-Machine Vagrant Environments =====
  
-==== Внутри Vagrantfile ​====+  * [[https://​blog.scottlowe.org/​2014/​10/​22/​multi-machine-vagrant-with-yaml/​|Multi-Machine Vagrant with YAML]] 
 +  * [[https://​stackoverflow.com/​questions/​16708917/​how-do-i-include-variables-in-my-vagrantfile|How do I include variables in my VagrantFile?​]] 
 + 
 +<​code>​ 
 +λ vagrant destroy 
 + 
 +λ touch nodes.yaml 
 +</​code><​code>​ 
 +- name: "​node1"​ 
 +  ip: "​201"​ 
 +- name: "​node2"​ 
 +  ip: "​202"​ 
 +- name: "​node3"​ 
 +  ip: "​203"​ 
 +</​code><​code>​ 
 +λ npp Vagrantfile 
 +</​code><​code>​ 
 +... 
 +require '​yaml'​ 
 +nodes YAML.load_file("​./​nodes.yaml"​) 
 + 
 +Vagrant.configure("​2"​) do |config| 
 + 
 +### My config ### 
 +  nodes.each do |opts|  
 +    config.vm.define opts["​name"​] do |config| 
 +      config.vm.network "​private_network",​  
 +        adapter: 2,  
 +        name: "​VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter",​ 
 +        ip: "​192.168."​ + X + "​."​ + opts["​ip"​] 
 +      config.vm.hostname = opts["​name"​] 
 +    
 +      config.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb| 
 +        # vb.name = opts["​name"​] 
 +        vb.memory = "​2048"​ 
 +        vb.cpus = "​2"​ 
 + 
 +        # file_to_disk = opts["​name"​] + '​_2.vdi'​ 
 +        # unless File.exist?​(file_to_disk) 
 +          # vb.customize ['​createhd',​ '​--filename',​ file_to_disk,​ '​--size',​ 4 * 1024] 
 +        # end 
 +        # vb.customize ['​storageattach',​ :id, '​--storagectl',​ '​SATA',​ '​--port',​ 2, '​--device',​ 0, '​--type',​ '​hdd',​ '​--medium',​ file_to_disk] 
 + 
 +      end 
 +    end 
 +  end 
 +### /My config ### 
 +... 
 +</​code><​code>​ 
 +λ vagrant up node1 
 + 
 +λ vagrant up 
 + 
 +λ vagrant status 
 + 
 +λ vagrant ssh node2 
 + 
 +λ vagrant halt node2 
 + 
 +λ vagrant destroy node1 
 + 
 +λ vagrant destroy -f 
 + 
 +λ cd ~/​conf/​vagrant/​nodes 
 + 
 +λ nano Vagrantfile ​  #!!! set X 
 + 
 +λ cat provision_once.sh ​  # look passwords 
 + 
 +λ time vagrant up --parallel 
 +</​code>​ 
 + 
 +===== Дополнительные возможности ===== 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 +==== Еще варианты Multi-Machine Vagrant Environments ==== 
 + 
 +=== Внутри Vagrantfile ===
  
   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​docs/​multi-machine|Multi-Machine]]   * [[https://​www.vagrantup.com/​docs/​multi-machine|Multi-Machine]]
Line 241: Line 366:
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
-==== С использованием структур данных ruby ====+=== С использованием структур данных ruby ===
  
   * [[https://​github.com/​hashicorp/​vagrant/​issues/​9200|Vagrant is assigning the same MAC to two different VMs?]]   * [[https://​github.com/​hashicorp/​vagrant/​issues/​9200|Vagrant is assigning the same MAC to two different VMs?]]
Line 284: Line 409:
 #        file_to_disk = opts[:name] + '​_2.vdi'​ #        file_to_disk = opts[:name] + '​_2.vdi'​
 #        unless File.exist?​(file_to_disk) #        unless File.exist?​(file_to_disk)
-#          vb.customize ['​createhd',​ '​--filename',​ file_to_disk,​ '​--size', ​* 1024]+#          vb.customize ['​createhd',​ '​--filename',​ file_to_disk,​ '​--size', ​* 1024]
 #        end #        end
 #        vb.customize ['​storageattach',​ :id, '​--storagectl',​ '​SATA',​ '​--port',​ 2, '​--device',​ 0, '​--type',​ '​hdd',​ '​--medium',​ file_to_disk] #        vb.customize ['​storageattach',​ :id, '​--storagectl',​ '​SATA',​ '​--port',​ 2, '​--device',​ 0, '​--type',​ '​hdd',​ '​--medium',​ file_to_disk]
Line 306: Line 431:
 </​code>​ </​code>​
  
-==== С использованием json ====+=== С использованием json ===
  
   * [[Формат JSON]]   * [[Формат JSON]]
Line 312: Line 437:
  
 <​code>​ <​code>​
-$ cat nodes.json+λ npp nodes.json ​&
 </​code><​code>​ </​code><​code>​
 [ [
Line 355: Line 480:
       config.vm.network "​private_network",​ ip: opts["​ip"​]       config.vm.network "​private_network",​ ip: opts["​ip"​]
       config.vm.hostname = opts["​name"​]       config.vm.hostname = opts["​name"​]
- 
-#      config.vm.provider "​virtualbox"​ do | vb | 
-#        file_to_disk = opts["​name"​] + '​_2.vdi'​ 
-#        unless File.exist?​(file_to_disk) 
-#          vb.customize ['​createhd',​ '​--filename',​ file_to_disk,​ '​--size',​ 4 * 1024] 
-#        end 
-#        vb.customize ['​storageattach',​ :id, '​--storagectl',​ '​SATA',​ '​--port',​ 2, '​--device',​ 0, '​--type',​ '​hdd',​ '​--medium',​ file_to_disk] 
-#      end 
  
       opts["​vbox_config"​].each do |hash|       opts["​vbox_config"​].each do |hash|
Line 380: Line 497:
  
 end end
-</​code>​ 
-<​code>​ 
-λ vagrant up 
- 
-λ vagrant ssh node2 
- 
-λ vagrant destroy node3 
- 
-λ vagrant destroy -f 
-</​code>​ 
- 
-===== Дополнительные возможности ===== 
- 
- 
- 
-==== Использование синхронизируемых каталогов ==== 
- 
-<​code>​ 
-λ cat Vagrantfile 
-</​code><​code>​ 
-... 
-#  config.vm.synced_folder "​.",​ "/​vagrant",​ type: "​rsync",​ rsync__exclude:​ "​.git/"​ 
-... 
-</​code><​code>​ 
-λ npp SomeFile 
-... 
- 
-λ vagrant rsync 
- 
-λ vagrant ssh 
- 
-vagrant@node3:​~$ ls /vagrant/ 
-</​code><​code>​ 
-... 
-Vagrantfile 
-... 
-SomeFile 
-... 
 </​code>​ </​code>​
технология_vagrant.1660561191.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/08/15 13:59 by val