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администрирование_linux_ubuntu [2009/04/06 08:10] val |
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| - | ====== Администрирование Linux (Ubuntu) ====== | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Инсталляция Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Этапы загрузки Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Настройка сети в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Управление пользователями в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Управление ПО в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Управление сервисами в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Обновление системы и ПО в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Планирование выполнения заданий в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Регистрация событий в системе в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Резервное копирование и восстановление в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Сборка ядра в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Восстановление утерянного пароля root в Ubuntu]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | <code> | ||
| - | LINUX | ||
| - | |||
| - | --Система-- | ||
| - | |||
| - | уровень выполнения | ||
| - | runlevel | ||
| - | |||
| - | man update-rc.d | ||
| - | |||
| - | версия системы | ||
| - | lsb_release -a | ||
| - | |||
| - | изменение конфигурации | ||
| - | sudo /etc/init.d/ssh reload | ||
| - | |||
| - | --Сеть-- | ||
| - | |||
| - | какие порты слушаются | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo netstat -apn4 | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@shanti:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces | ||
| - | # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system | ||
| - | # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). | ||
| - | |||
| - | # The loopback network interface | ||
| - | auto lo | ||
| - | iface lo inet loopback | ||
| - | |||
| - | # The primary network interface | ||
| - | auto eth0 | ||
| - | iface eth0 inet static | ||
| - | address 195.19.32.25 | ||
| - | netmask 255.255.255.128 | ||
| - | network 195.19.32.0 | ||
| - | broadcast 195.19.32.127 | ||
| - | gateway 195.19.32.4 | ||
| - | # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed | ||
| - | dns-nameservers 195.19.32.2 | ||
| - | dns-search bmstu.ru | ||
| - | # pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules | ||
| - | # post-down iptables-save -c > /etc/iptables.rules | ||
| - | auto eth0:0 | ||
| - | iface eth0:0 inet static | ||
| - | address 192.168.32.25 | ||
| - | netmask 255.255.255.0 | ||
| - | |||
| - | #iface eth1 inet static | ||
| - | # address 192.168.32.141 | ||
| - | # netmask 255.255.255.0 | ||
| - | # network 192.168.32.0 | ||
| - | # broadcast 192.168.32.255 | ||
| - | # VLANs configuration | ||
| - | #auto vlan1 vlan666 | ||
| - | #auto vlan666 | ||
| - | #iface vlan1 inet static | ||
| - | # address 192.168.32.141 | ||
| - | # netmask 255.255.255.0 | ||
| - | # network 192.168.32.0 | ||
| - | # broadcast 192.168.32.255 | ||
| - | # mtu 1500 | ||
| - | # vlan_raw_device eth1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | --Работа с пакетами-- | ||
| - | |||
| - | установленные пакеты | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ dpkg -l | ||
| - | |||
| - | содержимое пакета | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ dpkg-query -L libpam-opie | ||
| - | |||
| - | В какой пакет входит файл | ||
| - | root@g13:~# dpkg-query -S /etc/ldap/ldap.conf | ||
| - | |||
| - | обновление списка доступных пакетов на основе /etc/apt/sources.list | ||
| - | val@g13:~$ sudo apt-get update | ||
| - | |||
| - | поиск пакета | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ apt-cache search telnetd | ||
| - | |||
| - | информация о найденном пакете | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-cache show libpam-radius-auth | ||
| - | |||
| - | обновление репозитория | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-get update | ||
| - | |||
| - | установка/обновление пакета | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-get install smbfs | ||
| - | |||
| - | конфигурация пакета | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure nagios2-common | ||
| - | |||
| - | какие пакеты можно обновить | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ apt-show-versions -u | ||
| - | |||
| - | обновление всего | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade | ||
| - | |||
| - | работа с исходными текстами пакета | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ apt-get source ffmpeg | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ cd ffmpeg-*/ | ||
| - | val@ms:~/ffmpeg-0.cvs20070307$ ./configure | ||
| - | val@ms:~/ffmpeg-0.cvs20070307$ make | ||
| - | val@ms:~/ffmpeg-0.cvs20070307$ make install | ||
| - | |||
| - | --Управление идентификацией-- | ||
| - | |||
| - | PAM | ||
| - | |||
| - | opie | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-get install opie-server | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:/etc$ rcsdiff /etc/ssh/sshd_config | ||
| - | 47c47 | ||
| - | < ChallengeResponseAuthentication no | ||
| - | --- | ||
| - | > ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:/etc$ rcsdiff /etc/pam.d/sshd | ||
| - | 9a10,11 | ||
| - | > auth sufficient pam_opie.so | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-get install telnetd | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ rcsdiff /etc/pam.d/login | ||
| - | |||
| - | 16a17,18 | ||
| - | > auth sufficient pam_opie.so | ||
| - | |||
| - | ssh sso | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-get install libpam-ssh | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ rcsdiff /etc/pam.d/login | ||
| - | 16a17,18 | ||
| - | > @include pam-ssh-auth | ||
| - | 76a79 | ||
| - | > @include pam-ssh-session | ||
| - | |||
| - | radius | ||
| - | |||
| - | freeradius | ||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-get install freeradius | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo rcsdiff /etc/freeradius/users | ||
| - | 77a78 | ||
| - | > val Cleartext-Password := "testing" | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/freeradius start | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ radtest val 'testing' localhost 1 'testing123' | ||
| - | |||
| - | pam | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo apt-get install libpam-radius-auth | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo rcsdiff /etc/pam_radius_auth.conf | ||
| - | 26,27c26,27 | ||
| - | < 127.0.0.1 secret 1 | ||
| - | < other-server other-secret 3 | ||
| - | --- | ||
| - | > 127.0.0.1 testing123 1 | ||
| - | > #other-server other-secret 3 | ||
| - | |||
| - | val@ms:~$ sudo rcsdiff /etc/pam.d/login | ||
| - | 16a17,18 | ||
| - | > auth sufficient pam_radius_auth.so | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | </code> | ||
| - | |||
администрирование_linux_ubuntu.1238991014.txt.gz · Last modified: 2013/05/22 13:50 (external edit)
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