Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- технология_vagrant [2022/07/22 22:45]
val [Cmder]
+++ технология_vagrant [2025/07/29 16:23] (current)
val [Управление образами]
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Технология Vagrant ======
+  * [[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagrant|HashiCorp Vagrant]]
   * [[https://www.vagrantup.com/|Vagrant - Development Environments Made Easy]]
@@ Line 7: / Line 9: @@
   * [[https://oracle-base.com/articles/vm/create-a-vagrant-base-box-virtualbox|Create a Vagrant Base Box (VirtualBox)]]
-  * [[https://www.vultr.com/docs/stop-dhcp-from-changing-resolve-conf/|Stop DHCP From Changing resolv.conf]]
 ===== Установка =====
-  * [[https://val.bmstu.ru/unix/HashiCorp/vagrant_2.2.10_x86_64.msi]]
+  * [[https://hashicorp-releases.yandexcloud.net/vagrant/]]
+  * [[https://val.bmstu.ru/unix/HashiCorp/vagrant_2.4.3_windows_amd64.msi]]
+  * Можно не перезагружать систему, но нужно перезапустить Cmder
 ===== Подготовка командной строки =====
-==== win cmd ===
-<code>
-C:\Users\Administrator> C:\HashiCorp\Vagrant\bin\vagrant.exe
-</code>
 ==== Cmder ====
   * [[Cmder]]
 <code>
 λ bash
-$ alias vagrant=C:\HashiCorp\Vagrant\bin\vagrant.exe $*
+λ cd
-??
-$ alias vagrant=C:/\HashiCorp/\Vagrant/\bin/\vagrant.exe $*
 </code>
-==== mobaxterm ====
-<code>
-mobaxterm> alias vagrant=/drives/c/HashiCorp/Vagrant/bin/vagrant.exe $*
-</code>
@@ Line 44: / Line 38: @@
   * [[https://vagrantcloud.com/debian/bullseye64]]
-<code>
+  * [[https://val.bmstu.ru/unix/HashiCorp/ubuntu_20.04.box]]
-$ vagrant box list
+  * [[https://val.bmstu.ru/unix/HashiCorp/debian12-generic.box]]
-$ vagrant box add debian/bullseye64
+  * [[Переменные окружения]]
+  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19872591/how-to-use-vagrant-in-a-proxy-environment|How to use vagrant in a proxy environment?]]
+<code>
 $ vagrant box list
-$ vagrant package --base ubuntu_20.04_03 --output /c/distrs/ubuntu_20.04.box
+$ ### vagrant box add /c/distrs/ubuntu_20.04.box --name specialist/ubuntu20
-$ vagrant box add /c/distrs/ubuntu_20.04.box --name specialist/ubuntu20
+$ ### vagrant box add generic/debian12
+$ ### vagrant box remove generic/debian12
+$ vagrant box add /c/distrs/debian12-generic.box --name generic/debian12
 $ vagrant box list
 </code>
-===== Создание VM =====
+===== Создание и управление VM =====
 <code>
-$ mkdir ~/node1
+$ mkdir ~/nodes
-$ cd ~/node1
+$ cd ~/nodes
-$ vagrant init specialist/ubuntu20
+$ ###vagrant init specialist/ubuntu20
+$ vagrant init generic/debian12
 $ less Vagrantfile
 ...
-    config.vm.box = "specialist/ubuntu20"
+    config.vm.box = "........"
 ...
 $ vagrant up
+$ ssh -p 2NNN vagrant@localhost
 $ vagrant ssh
 $ vagrant global-status
+$ ###vagrant global-status --prune
 $ vagrant halt
@@ Line 83: / Line 87: @@
 </code>
-===== Provision =====
+===== Управление конфигурацией, использование переменных и Provision VM =====
   * [[https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/provisioning|Provisioners in Vagrant]]
   * [[https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/provisioning/basic_usage|Basic Usage of Provisioners]]
   * [[https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/networking/public_network|Vagrant public networks]]
 ==== Внутри Vagrantfile ====
+  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30820949/print-message-after-booting-vagrant-machine-with-vagrant-up|Print message after booting vagrant machine with "vagrant up"]]
+  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19648088/pass-environment-variables-to-vagrant-shell-provisioner|Pass environment variables to vagrant shell provisioner]]
+  * !!! Зрелищнее - по очереди, config и provision
 <code>
-λ npp Vagrantfile &
+λ cat Vagrantfile
 </code><code>
 ...
+X = "13"
 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
-...
-  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.X.210", virtualbox__intnet: false
+### My config ###
-  config.vm.hostname = "node1.corpX.un"
+  config.vm.post_up_message = "This is X: " + X
+  config.vm.hostname = "node1.corp" + X + ".un"
+  config.vm.network "private_network",
+    adapter: 2,
+    name: "VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter",
+    ip: "192.168." + X + ".201"
+  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
+    vb.memory = "2048"
+    vb.cpus = "2"
+#    file_to_disk = config.vm.hostname + '_disk2.vdi'
+#    unless File.exist?(file_to_disk)
+#      vb.customize ['createhd', '--filename', file_to_disk, '--size', 4 * 1024]
+#    end
+#    vb.customize ['storageattach', :id, '--storagectl', 'SATA или SATA Controller', '--port', 2, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', file_to_disk]
+  end
+### /My config ###
+### My provision ###
   config.vm.provision "provision_once", type: "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
@@ Line 107: / Line 138: @@
   SHELL
-  config.vm.provision "provision_onstart", run: "always", type: "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
+  config.vm.provision "provision_onstart", run: "always", type: "shell",
+    env: {
+	 "X" => X,
+	},
+    inline: <<-SHELL
     eval `route -n | awk '{ if ($8 ==\"eth0\" && $2 != \"0.0.0.0\") print \"route del default gw \" $2; }'`
-    route add default gw 192.168.X.1
+    route add default gw 192.168.$X.1
     cat <<EOF >/etc/resolv.conf
-search corpX.un
+search corp$X.un
-nameserver 192.168.X.10
+nameserver 192.168.$X.10
 EOF
   SHELL
+### /My provision ###
+...
 end
+</code><code>
+λ vagrant validate
+λ vagrant up
+...
+==> default: Machine already provisioned ...
+...
+λ vagrant ssh
+$ date
+λ vagrant up --provision
+λ ###vagrant provision --provision-with provision_once
+λ ###vagrant reload --provision
+λ vagrant ssh
+$ date
+$ ip a
 </code>
+==== Provision с использованием внешних скриптов ====
+  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15461898/passing-variable-to-a-shell-script-provisioner-in-vagrant|Passing variable to a shell script provisioner in vagrant]]
 <code>
-λ vagrant reload --provision
+vagrant.exe ssh node2 -c 'sudo apt install open-iscsi -y'
+vagrant.exe ssh node3 -c 'sudo apt install open-iscsi -y'
 </code>
-==== С использованием внешних скриптов ====
 <code>
-λ npp provision_once.sh &
+λ touch provision_once.sh
 </code><code>
+#!/bin/sh
+#echo 'root:strongpassword' | chpasswd
 #sed -i 's/PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
+#service ssh restart
+echo 'vagrant:strongpassword' | chpasswd
+(echo '"\e[A": history-search-backward'; echo '"\e[B": history-search-forward') >> /etc/inputrc
 timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Moscow
 apt-get update
-#apt-get install -y net-tools
+apt-get purge resolvconf
+rm /etc/resolv.conf
+touch /etc/resolv.conf
+#apt-get install -y docker.io
 </code><code>
-λ npp provision_onstart.sh &
+λ touch provision_onstart.sh
 </code><code>
-route add default gw 192.168.X.1
+#!/bin/bash
+X=$1
+echo "$X"
+route add default gw 192.168."$X".1
-eval `route -n | awk '{ if ($8 =="eth0" && $2 != "0.0.0.0") print "route del default gw " $2; }'`
+eval "$(route -n | awk '{ if ($8 =="eth0" && $2 != "0.0.0.0") print "route del default gw " $2; }')"
-echo -e 'search corpX.un\nnameserver 192.168.X.10' > /etc/resolv.conf
+chattr -i /etc/resolv.conf
+echo -e "search corp$X.un\nnameserver 192.168.$X.10" > /etc/resolv.conf
 chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf
 echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" > /etc/sysctl.d/20-my-forward.conf && sysctl -p --system
 </code><code>
-λ npp Vagrantfile
+λ cat Vagrantfile
 </code><code>
 ...
+  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: false
+...
+### My provision ###
+### /My provision ###
+...
+</code><code>
+vagrant@node1:~$ ls /vagrant/
+vagrant@node1:~$ tr -d '\r' < /vagrant/provision_once.sh  | shellcheck -
+vagrant@node1:~$ tr -d '\r' < /vagrant/provision_onstart.sh  | shellcheck -
+</code><code>
+λ cat Vagrantfile
+</code><code>
+### My provision ###
   config.vm.provision "provision_once", type: "shell", run: "once", path: "provision_once.sh"
-  config.vm.provision "provision_onstart", type: "shell", run: "always", path: "provision_onstart.sh"
+  config.vm.provision "provision_onstart", type: "shell", run: "always",
+    args: X + " 2_arg 3_arg",
+    path: "provision_onstart.sh"
+### /My provision ###
 ...
 </code><code>
 λ vagrant provision --provision-with provision_once,provision_onstart
-</code>
+server# ssh vagrant@node1
+</code>
+==== Provision с использованием ansible ====
-==== С использованием ansible ====
   * Сервис Ansible [[Сервис Ansible#Использование playbook]]
@@ Line 166: / Line 269: @@
 λ cat Vagrantfile
 ...
-  config.vm.provision "provision_docker", type: "ansible_local", run: "always" do |ansible|
+  config.vm.provision "provision_docker", type: "ansible_local", run: "once" do |ansible|
     ansible.playbook = "provision_docker.yml"
   end
+...
 </code><code>
-$ vagrant provision --provision-with provision_docker
+$ time vagrant provision --provision-with provision_docker
+real    11m2,127s
 </code>
 ===== Multi-Machine Vagrant Environments =====
+  * [[https://blog.scottlowe.org/2014/10/22/multi-machine-vagrant-with-yaml/|Multi-Machine Vagrant with YAML]]
+  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16708917/how-do-i-include-variables-in-my-vagrantfile|How do I include variables in my VagrantFile?]]
 <code>
-$ mkdir ~/nodes
+λ vagrant destroy
-$ cd ~/nodes
+λ touch nodes.yaml
+</code><code>
+- name: "node1"
+  ip: "201"
+- name: "node2"
+  ip: "202"
+- name: "node3"
+  ip: "203"
+</code><code>
+λ npp Vagrantfile
+</code><code>
+...
+require 'yaml'
+nodes = YAML.load_file("./nodes.yaml")
-$ vagrant init specialist/ubuntu20
+Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
+### My config ###
+  nodes.each do |opts|
+    config.vm.define opts["name"] do |config|
+      config.vm.network "private_network",
+        adapter: 2,
+        name: "VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter",
+        ip: "192.168." + X + "." + opts["ip"]
+      config.vm.hostname = opts["name"]
+      config.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb|
+        # vb.name = opts["name"]
+        vb.memory = "2048"
+        vb.cpus = "2"
+        # file_to_disk = opts["name"] + '_2.vdi'
+        # unless File.exist?(file_to_disk)
+          # vb.customize ['createhd', '--filename', file_to_disk, '--size', 4 * 1024]
+        # end
+        # vb.customize ['storageattach', :id, '--storagectl', 'SATA', '--port', 2, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', file_to_disk]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+### /My config ###
+...
+</code><code>
+λ vagrant up node1
+λ vagrant up
+λ vagrant status
+λ vagrant ssh node2
+λ vagrant halt node2
+λ vagrant destroy node1
+λ vagrant destroy -f
+λ cd ~/conf/vagrant/nodes
+λ nano Vagrantfile   #!!! set X and mem 1024
+λ cat provision_once.sh   # look passwords
+λ time vagrant up --parallel
 </code>
-==== Внутри Vagrantfile ====
+===== Дополнительные возможности =====
+==== Еще варианты Multi-Machine Vagrant Environments ====
+=== Внутри Vagrantfile ===
   * [[https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/multi-machine|Multi-Machine]]
@@ Line 193: / Line 368: @@
 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
-  config.vm.define "node3" do |node1|
+### My config ###
-    node1.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.X.210"
+  config.vm.define "node1" do |node1|
+    node1.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.X.201"
   end
-  config.vm.define "node4" do |node2|
+  config.vm.define "node2" do |node2|
-    node2.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.X.220"
+    node2.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.X.202"
   end
-  config.vm.define "node5" do |node3|
+  config.vm.define "node3" do |node3|
-    node3.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.X.230"
+    node3.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.X.203"
   end
+### /My config ###
 ...
 </code>
-==== С использованием структур данных ruby ====
+=== С использованием структур данных ruby ===
   * [[https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/issues/9200|Vagrant is assigning the same MAC to two different VMs?]]
@@ Line 215: / Line 394: @@
     {
         :name => "node1",
-        :ip => "192.168.X.210",
+        :ip => "192.168.X.201",
         :vbox_config => [
             { "--cpus" => "2" },
@@ Line 223: / Line 402: @@
     {
         :name => "node2",
-        :ip => "192.168.X.220",
+        :ip => "192.168.X.202",
         :vbox_config => [
             { "--cpus" => "2" },
@@ Line 231: / Line 410: @@
     {
         :name => "node3",
-        :ip => "192.168.X.230",
+        :ip => "192.168.X.203",
         :vbox_config => [
             { "--cpus" => "2" },
@@ Line 241: / Line 420: @@
 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
+### My config ###
   boxes.each do |opts|
     config.vm.define opts[:name] do |config|
@@ Line 246: / Line 426: @@
       config.vm.hostname = opts[:name]
-      config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do | vb |
+#      config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do | vb |
-        file_to_disk = opts[:name] + '_2.vdi'
+#        file_to_disk = opts[:name] + '_2.vdi'
-        unless File.exist?(file_to_disk)
+#        unless File.exist?(file_to_disk)
-          vb.customize ['createhd', '--filename', file_to_disk, '--size', 5 * 1024]
+#          vb.customize ['createhd', '--filename', file_to_disk, '--size', 4 * 1024]
-        end
+#        end
-        vb.customize ['storageattach', :id, '--storagectl', 'SATA Controller', '--port', 2, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', file_to_disk]
+#        vb.customize ['storageattach', :id, '--storagectl', 'SATA', '--port', 2, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', file_to_disk]
-      end
+#      end
       opts[:vbox_config].each do |hash|
@@ Line 263: / Line 443: @@
     end
   end
+### /My config ###
   ...
 end
 </code>
-==== С использованием json ====
+=== С использованием json ===
   * [[Формат JSON]]
@@ Line 273: / Line 457: @@
 <code>
-$ cat nodes.json
+λ npp nodes.json &
 </code><code>
 [
     {
-        "name": "node3",
+        "name": "node1",
-        "ip": "192.168.X.3",
+        "ip": "192.168.X.201",
         "vbox_config": [
-            { "--cpus": "1" },
+            { "--cpus": "2" },
-            { "--memory": "1024" }
+            { "--memory": "2048" }
         ]
     },
     {
-        "name": "node4",
+        "name": "node2",
-        "ip": "192.168.X.4",
+        "ip": "192.168.X.202",
         "vbox_config": [
-            { "--cpus": "1" },
+            { "--cpus": "2" },
-            { "--memory": "1024" }
+            { "--memory": "2048" }
         ]
     },
     {
-        "name": "node5",
+        "name": "node3",
-        "ip": "192.168.X.5",
+        "ip": "192.168.X.203",
         "vbox_config": [
-            { "--cpus": "1" },
+            { "--cpus": "2" },
-            { "--memory": "1024" }
+            { "--memory": "2048" }
         ]
     }
@@ Line 305: / Line 489: @@
 </code><code>
 require 'json'
-boxes = JSON.parse(File.read('./addnodes.json'))
+boxes = JSON.parse(File.read('./nodes.json'))
 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
+### My config ###
   boxes.each do |opts|
     config.vm.define opts["name"] do |config|
-      config.vm.network "private_network", ip: opts["ip"],
+      config.vm.network "private_network", ip: opts["ip"]
-	    virtualbox__intnet: true
       config.vm.hostname = opts["name"]
-#      config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do | vb |
-#        file_to_disk = opts["name"] + '_2.vdi'
-#        unless File.exist?(file_to_disk)
-#          vb.customize ['createhd', '--filename', file_to_disk, '--size', 4 * 1024]
-#        end
-#        vb.customize ['storageattach', :id, '--storagectl', 'SATA Controller', '--port', 2, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', file_to_disk]
-#      end
       opts["vbox_config"].each do |hash|
@@ Line 334: / Line 511: @@
     end
   end
-#  config.vm.box = "debian/buster64"
-  config.vm.box = "debian/bullseye64"
-  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
+### /My config ###
-    sed -i 's/PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-#    sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-    systemctl restart sshd.service
-    echo 'vagrant:123' | chpasswd
-    apt-get update
-    apt-get install -y net-tools
-    cat <<EOF >/etc/resolv.conf
+...
-search corpX.un
-nameserver 192.168.X.254
-EOF
-  SHELL
-  config.vm.provision "shell", run: "always",
-    inline: "route add default gw 192.168.X.254"
-  config.vm.provision "shell", run: "always",
-    inline: "eval `route -n | awk '{ if ($8 ==\"eth0\" && $2 != \"0.0.0.0\") print \"route del default gw \" $2; }'`"
 end
-</code>
-<code>
-λ vagrant up
-λ vagrant ssh node2
-λ vagrant destroy node3
-λ vagrant destroy -f
-</code>
-===== Дополнительные возможности =====
-==== Использование синхронизируемых каталогов ====
-<code>
-λ cat Vagrantfile
-</code><code>
-...
-#  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "rsync", rsync__exclude: ".git/"
-...
-</code><code>
-λ npp SomeFile
-...
-λ vagrant rsync
-λ vagrant ssh
-vagrant@node3:~$ ls /vagrant/
-</code><code>
-...
-Vagrantfile
-...
-SomeFile
-...
 </code>

Методические материалы Лохтурова Вячеслава

User Tools

Site Tools

Differences

Page Tools