====== Сервис Ansible ====== * Управление инфраструктурой на примере [[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansible|Аnsible - wikipedia]] * [[https://habrahabr.ru/company/express42/blog/254959/|Ansible — давайте попробуем]] * [[https://habrahabr.ru/post/305400/|Пособие по Ansible]] * [[https://habr.com/ru/post/508762/|Основы Ansible, без которых ваши плейбуки — комок слипшихся макарон]] * [[https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/m/ru_ru/training-events/2019/cisco-connect/pdf/introduction_automation_with_ansible_idrey.pdf|Введение в автоматизацию с помощью Ansible (Cisco)]] * [[https://nwmichl.net/2020/02/24/first-simple-ansible-playbooks/|First simple Ansible playbooks Cisco IOS]] ===== Установка на управляющей системе ===== ==== Из репозитория дистрибутива ====


node1# apt install ansible

node1# ansible --version

==== Из репозитория производителя ==== * [[https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/installation_guide/intro_installation.html#installing-ansible-on-debian|Installing Ansible on Debian]] ===== Установка на управляемых системах ====


nodeN# apt install python python-apt

debian11/ubuntu20# apt install python python3-apt

===== Настройка групп управляемых систем ===== * [[https://nklya.medium.com/%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%B2-ansible-9ee880d540d6|Динамическое инвентори в Ansible]]


debian11# mkdir /etc/ansible/

node1# cat /etc/ansible/hosts


[all:vars]
#ansible_python_interpreter="/usr/bin/python3"

#[corp]
#server.corp13.un
#server.corp[1:12].un ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=strongpassword
#mail.corp[1:12].un ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=strongpassword
#192.168.[1:25].10

[corpX]
node[1:2]

[addnodes]
192.168.X.[3:9] ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=strongpassword

[sws]
switch[1:3] ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=cisco

[nodes]
##192.168.X.[210:230:10]
##192.168.X.[201:203]
node[1:3]

[nodes:vars]
ansible_ssh_user=vagrant
ansible_ssh_pass=strongpassword
#ansible_sudo_pass=strongpassword
ansible_become=yes

===== Настройка транспорта ssh ===== * Для автоматизации подключения к новым системам может потребоваться отключение проверки их публичного ключа и [[Сервис SSH#Парольная аутентификация]] в ssh


# cat /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg


[defaults]
#...
host_key_checking = False
#...

* [[Сервис SSH#Аутентификация с использованием ключей ssh]] (!!! не забыть подключение ansible узла к себе !!!)


node1# ssh-keygen

node1# ssh-copy-id node1
node1# ssh-copy-id node2

===== Использование модулей =====


$ ansible-doc -l
$ ansible-doc ping

node1# ansible corpX -m ping
node1# ansible localhost -m ping
node1# ansible all -m ping
node1# ansible all -m ping -i inv_file.ini
node1# ansible all -m ping -i node2:2222, -e "ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3"

node1# ansible corpX -m command -a 'uname -a'

kube1# ansible kubes -a 'sed -i"" -e "/swap/s/^/#/" /etc/fstab'
kube1# ansible kubes -a 'swapoff -a'
  ИЛИ
(venv1) server# ansible all -a 'sed -i"" -e "/swap/s/^/#/" /etc/fstab' -i /root/kubespray/inventory/mycluster/hosts.yaml #--limit=kube4
(venv1) server# ansible all -a 'swapoff -a' -i /root/kubespray/inventory/mycluster/hosts.yaml #--limit=kube4

node1# ansible corpX -f 2 -m apt -a 'pkg=apache2 state=present update_cache=true'

node1# ansible addnodes -vv -f 5 -m apt -a 'pkg=ceph,tgt-rbd state=present update_cache=true' #-e 'https_proxy=http://radio.specialist.ru:3128/' -e 'http_proxy=http://radio.specialist.ru:3128/'

server# ansible nodes -f 3 -m apt -a 'pkg=openvpn state=present update_cache=true'
server# ansible nodes -f 3 -m apt -a 'pkg=docker.io state=present update_cache=true'


ubuntu20# apt install python3-paramiko

server# ansible sws -m ios_command -a "commands='show cdp nei'" -c local

server# ansible sws -m ios_command -a "commands='show cdp nei'" -c network_cli -e "ansible_network_os=ios"

===== Использование playbook ===== * [[Формат YAML]] * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17188147/how-to-run-ansible-without-specifying-the-inventory-but-the-host-directly|How to run Ansible without specifying the inventory but the host directly?]] * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33222641/override-hosts-variable-of-ansible-playbook-from-the-command-line|Override hosts variable of Ansible playbook from the command line]] ==== Пример 1 ==== * [[Технология Docker]]


server# cat provision_docker.yml

  или

λ touch provision_docker.yml

  или

student@node1:~$ cat /vagrant/provision_docker.yml


- hosts: "{{ variable_host | default('all') }}"
  become: yes
  user: vagrant
  tasks:
    - name: Install Docker's prequirement
      apt:
        pkg:
          - apt-transport-https
          - ca-certificates
          - curl
          - gnupg2
          - software-properties-common
        state: present 
        update_cache: true
    - name: Add Docker's official GPG key
      apt_key:
#        url: https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg
#        url: https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg
        state: present
    - name: Add Docker's repository into sources list
      apt_repository:
#        repo: deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bullseye stable
#        repo: deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal stable
        state: present
    - name: Install Docker
      apt: 
        pkg:
          - docker-ce
          - docker-ce-cli
          - containerd.io
          - docker-compose-plugin
        state: present 
        update_cache: true

* Технология Vagrant: [[Технология Vagrant#Provision с использованием ansible]]


server# ansible-playbook provision_docker.yml

server# ansible-playbook provision_docker.yml --extra-vars "variable_host=nodes"

server# ansible-playbook provision_docker.yml --extra-vars "variable_host=localhost"

server# ansible-playbook provision_docker.yml -i inv_file.ini

server# ansible-playbook provision_docker.yml -e "ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3" -i 192.168.X.1:2222,

==== Пример 2 ==== * [[Управление учетными записями в Linux#Назначение пароля]] * [[https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/2.5/modules/user_module.html|Ansible module user - Manage user accounts]]


node1# cat addusers.yml


- hosts: corpX
  tasks:
    - name: Add user1
      user:
        name: user1
        uid: 10001
        shell: /bin/bash
        comment: "Ivan Ivanovitch Ivanov,RA1,401,499-239-45-23"
        password: $6$3Gz1ZuH3yHckA$wQNZbfU/9G6bYx08owpn7CoFP//2WbB4cmDDOgwDYBbwEyHxB0QQyCuMrOiPOLv3JF5RFtIv/r/kxoPPYFCsx1

    - name: Add user2
      user:
        name: user2
        uid: 10002
        shell: /bin/bash
        comment: "Petr Petrovitch Petrov,RA7,402,499-323-55-53"
        password: $6$x/AU/p9Dgi/ZiNF$6Xb8J4fsGuTi5IR0LaZe5pSgRX8vp54sfQGWJZZwKX.KFVpUL9m2PJNDh/d/l0rocueIvVjdQTzEAYPMmTm991


node1# ansible-playbook addusers.yml --syntax-check

node1# apt install ansible-lint 
node1# ansible-lint addusers.yml

node1# ansible-playbook addusers.yml

==== Пример 3 ==== * [[https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/2.3/ios_config_module.html|ios_config - Manage Cisco IOS configuration sections]]


server# cat cisco_change_conf.yml


- hosts: sws
  connection: local
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
    - name: configure top level configuration
      ios_config:
        lines:
          - snmp-server community write RW
        
#          - ip host server 192.168.X.10
#          - snmp-server host server writetrap

#          - snmp-server enable traps config
#          - snmp-server enable traps config-copy
#          - snmp-server enable traps snmp linkdown linkup
#          - ip scp server enable

#          - logging facility local0
##          - logging host server
#          - logging host server transport udp port 8514

#          - ntp server server
#          - clock timezone MSK 3
#          - service timestamps log datetime localtime year

#          - aaa new-model
#          - aaa authentication login CONSOLE none
#          - aaa authorization exec CONSOLE none
#          - enable secret cisco
#          - aaa authorization console

#          - aaa authentication login default local
#          - aaa authorization exec default local
#          - username root privilege 15 secret cisco

#          - radius-server host server auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813
#          - radius-server key testing123
#          - aaa authentication login default group radius enable
#          - aaa authorization exec default group radius none

#          - tacacs-server host server
#          - tacacs-server key tackey123
#          - aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ enable
#          - aaa authorization exec default group tacacs+ none
#          - aaa accounting commands 15 default start-stop group tacacs+

#          - aaa authentication dot1x default group radius
##          - aaa accounting dot1x default start-stop group radius


#    - name: configure line con 0
#      ios_config:
#        lines:
#          - login authentication CONSOLE
#          - authorization exec CONSOLE
#          - privilege level 15
#        parents: line con 0


server# ansible-playbook cisco_change_conf.yml

server# ansible-playbook cisco_change_conf.yml --limit @/root/cisco_change_conf.retry

===== Использование шаблонов ===== * [[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C|Идемпотентность]] * [[https://cryptic-cliffs-32040.herokuapp.com/|How can I test jinja2 templates in ansible?]]


node1# ansible -m setup corpX

node1# ansible -m setup corpX | grep ansible_fqdn

node1# cat index.html.j2





Hello from {{ ansible_fqdn }}


node1# cat inst_apache.yml


- hosts: corpX
  tasks:
    - name: Installs apache web server
      apt: pkg=apache2 state=present update_cache=true

    - name: Create index.html file
      template: src=index.html.j2 dest=/var/www/html/index.html


node1# ansible-playbook inst_apache.yml


# cat iax.conf.j2


[general]
disallow=all
allow=alaw

{% for Y in YS %}
[corp{{Y}}]
type=user
host=dynamic
secret=apassword{{Y}}
auth=md5

[corp{{Y}}]
type=peer
host=server.corp{{Y}}.un
username=corp{{X}}
secret=apassword{{X}}
auth=md5

{% endfor %}


# cat ast_iax_corps.yml


- hosts: corp
  tasks:
    - name: Create iax.conf file
      template: src=iax.conf.j2 dest=/etc/asterisk/iax.conf

    - name: Reload asterisk confs
      service: name=asterisk state=reloaded


# ansible-playbook ast_iax_corps.yml --extra-vars '{"X":"{{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address.split(\".\")[3] }}","YS":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]}'

===== Использование handlers ===== ==== Пример 1 ==== * [[Сервис HTTP#Использование домашних каталогов]]


node1# cat conf_apache.yml


- hosts: corpX
  tasks:
    - name: Add userdir to apache
      apache2_module:
        state: present
#        state: absent
        name: userdir
      notify:
        - restart apache

  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service: name=apache2 state=restarted


node1# ansible-playbook conf_apache.yml

==== Пример 2 ====


server# cat za.conf


ListenIP=0.0.0.0
StartAgents=0
ServerActive=server
UserParameter=listinstalledsoft,ls /usr/share/applications | awk -F '.desktop' ' { print $1}' -


node1# cat za.yml


- hosts: lin_ws
  tasks:
    - name: Install zabbix agent
      apt: pkg=zabbix-agent state=present update_cache=true

    - name: Create conf file
      copy: src=za.conf dest=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/za.conf
      notify:
        - restart za

  handlers:
    - name: restart za
      service: name=zabbix-agent state=restarted


server# ansible-playbook za.yml

===== Использование ролей ===== * [[https://rtfm.co.ua/ansible-roli-roles-primer/|Ansible: роли (roles) – пример]] * [[https://andreyex.ru/linux/ansible-roli-v-ansible/|Ansible. Роли в Ansible]] * [[Настройка стендов слушателей#Ansible конфигурация]] ==== Роль настроенного через ifupdown узла сети ====


# ###cd /root/conf/
# ###git pull origin master
# ###cd /root/conf/ansible/roles/

# cat nodes.yml


- name: Network config for nodes
  hosts: addnodes
#  hosts: kubes
#  hosts: all
  roles:
    - node


# ansible-galaxy init node  # не обязательно

# cat node/vars/main.yml


name_prefix: node
#name_prefix: kube
X: "{{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address.split('.')[2] }}"
N: "{{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address.split('.')[3][-1] }}"


# cat node/tasks/main.yml


- name: Create hosts file
  template: src=hosts.j2 dest=/etc/hosts

- name: Create resolv.conf file
  template: src=resolv.conf.j2 dest=/etc/resolv.conf

- name: Create hostname file
  template: src=hostname.j2 dest=/etc/hostname
  notify:
    - restart system

- name: Create interfaces file
  template: src=interfaces.j2 dest=/etc/network/interfaces
  notify:
    - restart system

- name: Set timezone to Europe/Moscow
  timezone:
    name: Europe/Moscow


# cat node/handlers/main.yml


- name: restart system
  reboot:


debian11# mkdir node/templates

# cat node/templates/hostname.j2


{{ name_prefix }}{{ N }}.corp{{ X }}.un


# cat node/templates/hosts.j2


127.0.0.1 localhost

{{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address }} {{ name_prefix }}{{ N }}.corp{{ X }}.un {{ name_prefix }}{{ N }}


# cat node/templates/resolv.conf.j2


search corp{{ X }}.un
nameserver 192.168.{{ X }}.1
nameserver 192.168.{{ X }}.2
#nameserver 192.168.{{ X }}.10


# cat node/templates/interfaces.j2


auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address {{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address }}
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.{{ X }}.254
#        gateway 192.168.{{ X }}.1


# ansible-playbook -f 5 nodes.yml

  ИЛИ

# ansible-playbook -f 5 /root/conf/ansible/roles/nodes.yml

  ИЛИ

(venv1) server# ansible-playbook -f 5 /root/conf/ansible/roles/nodes.yml -i /root/kubespray/inventory/mycluster/hosts.yaml #--limit=kube4

==== Роль OpenVPN сервера ====


server:~# mkdir openvpn1 && cd openvpn1

server:~/openvpn1# ansible-galaxy init openvpn1

server:~/openvpn1# cd openvpn1/files/

server:~/openvpn1/openvpn1/files#

* В текущем каталоге выполняем и сохраняем файлы из тем [[Пакет OpenSSL#Создание параметра DH]] и [[Пакет OpenSSL#Создание самоподписанного сертификата]] (не указываем AltName, Common Name: server - достаточно)


server:~/openvpn1/openvpn1/files# ls


dh2048.pem  server.crt  server.key


server:~/openvpn1/openvpn1/files# cd ../../

server:~/openvpn1# cat openvpn1/templates/openvpn1.conf.j2


dev tun
keepalive 10 120

server {{node_nets[ansible_hostname]}} 255.255.255.0

push "route 192.168.{{X}}.0 255.255.255.0"
#push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.{{X}}.10"
#push "block-outside-dns"
#push "dhcp-option DOMAIN corp{{X}}.un"

dh /etc/openvpn/dh2048.pem
key /etc/ssl/private/server.key
ca /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
cert /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt

verify-client-cert none
plugin /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-auth-pam.so login
username-as-common-name
#duplicate-cn

status /var/log/openvpn1-status.log

management 0.0.0.0 7505


server:~/openvpn1# cat openvpn1/tasks/main.yml


- name: Install OpenVPN
  apt: pkg=openvpn state=present update_cache=true
#  when: node_nets[ansible_hostname] is defined

- name: Create openvpn1.conf file
  template: src=openvpn1.conf.j2 dest=/etc/openvpn/openvpn1.conf
  notify:
    - restart openvpn1

- name: Copy file server.key
  copy:
    src: server.key
    dest: /etc/ssl/private/server.key
    mode: '0600'
  notify:
    - restart openvpn1

- name: Copy many files
  copy:
    src: '{{item.0}}'
    dest: '{{item.1}}'
  loop:
    - [ 'dh2048.pem', '/etc/openvpn/dh2048.pem' ]
    - [ 'server.crt', '/etc/ssl/certs/server.crt' ]
  notify:
    - restart openvpn1

- name: Enable service OpenVPN
  service:
    name: openvpn@openvpn1
    enabled: yes
#    state: started


server:~/openvpn1# cat openvpn1/handlers/main.yml


- name: restart openvpn1
  service:
    name: openvpn@openvpn1
    state: restarted


server:~/openvpn1# cat inventory.yaml


all:
  vars:
    X: "{{ ansible_eth1.ipv4.address.split('.')[2] }}"
    ansible_python_interpreter: "/usr/bin/python3"
    ansible_ssh_user: vagrant
    ansible_ssh_pass: strongpassword
    ansible_become: yes
    node_nets:
      node1: 192.168.110.0
      node2: 192.168.120.0
      node3: 192.168.130.0

prod_nodes:
  hosts:
    node1:
    node2:

test_nodes:
  hosts:
    node3:


server:~/openvpn1# cat openvpn1.yaml


- name: Run openvpn1 on nodes
  hosts: "{{ variable_host | default('prod_nodes') }}"
  roles:
    - role: openvpn1
      when: node_nets[ansible_hostname] is defined


server:~# wget https://val.bmstu.ru/unix/conf.git/conf/ansible/roles/openvpn1.tgz && tar -xvzf openvpn1.tgz && cd openvpn1

server:~/openvpn1# ansible-playbook openvpn1.yaml -i inventory.yaml -e "variable_host=test_nodes"

server:~/openvpn1# ansible-playbook openvpn1.yaml -i inventory.yaml    # можно через GitLab CI/CD

server:~/openvpn1# ansible-playbook openvpn1.yaml -i inventory.yaml -e "variable_host=all"

* [[Сервисы Gateway и routing#Управление таблицей маршрутизации]] ==== Фрагмент роли с условиями и отладкой ====


# cat conf/ansible/roles/host/vars/main.yml


...
octet4: "{{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address.split('.')[3] }}"
...


# cat conf/ansible/roles/host/tasks/main.yml


- name: set vars for server
  set_fact:
    hostname: "mail"
    X: "{{ octet4 | int - 100 }}"
  when: octet4 | int >= 100

- name: set vars for mail
  set_fact:
    hostname: "server"
    X: "{{ octet4 }}"
  when: octet4 | int < 100

- name: echo variables
  debug:
    msg: octet4 is {{ octet4 }}, X is {{ X }}, hostname is {{hostname}}
    
#- meta: end_play

...

==== ansible-pull ==== * [[https://medium.com/splunkuserdeveloperadministrator/using-ansible-pull-in-ansible-projects-ac04466643e8|Using Ansible Pull In Ansible Projects]] * [[Инсталяция системы в конфигурации Desktop]] * [[Переменные окружения]] === Вариант 1 ===


client1:~/ansible-pull-gpo# cat thunderbird/tasks/main.yml


- name: Install Thunderbird
  apt: pkg=thunderbird state=present update_cache=true


client1:~/ansible-pull-gpo# cat proxy/files/etc/environment


#http_proxy=http://gate.corpX.un:3128
https_proxy=http://gate.corpX.un:3128
no_proxy=localhost,127.0.0.1,isp.un,corpX.un


client1:~/ansible-pull-gpo# cat proxy/tasks/main.yml


- name: Copy file environment
  copy:
    src: etc/environment
    dest: /etc/environment


client1:~/ansible-pull-gpo# cat local.yml


- hosts: localhost
  roles:
    - role: proxy
    - role: thunderbird


client1:~/ansible-pull-gpo# ansible-playbook local.yml

* [[Инструмент GitLab]] (Создать публичный проект без readme и скопировать подсказки)


client3:~# ###ansible-pull -U http://gate.corpX.un/user1/ansible-pull-gpo.git


client1:~/ansible-pull-gpo# cat start.sh


#!/bin/bash

apt update
apt install -y git ansible

echo -e "0 */2 * * * \
/usr/bin/ansible-pull -s 120 -U http://gate.corpX.un/user1/ansible-pull-gpo.git -C $BR 2>&1 | /usr/bin/logger -t ansible-pull\n\
@reboot sleep 1m; /usr/bin/ansible-pull -U http://gate.corpX.un/user1/ansible-pull-gpo.git -C $BR 2>&1 | /usr/bin/logger -t ansible-pull" | crontab -

init 6

* Инструмент GitLab [[Инструмент GitLab#Подключение через API]] === Вариант 2 === * [[Средства программирования shell#Использование диалоговых окон]]


$ cat ansible-pull-gpo\local.yml


- hosts: localhost
  tasks:

    - name: Set timezone to Europe/Moscow
      timezone:
        name: Europe/Moscow

    - name: Russian Interface
      shell: |
        echo 'ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8' > /etc/locale.gen
        locale-gen
        echo LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8 > /etc/default/locale
      when: CONF_RUS_INT is defined

    - name: Install Firefox in Debian
      apt: pkg=firefox-esr state=present update_cache=true
#      debug: msg="Install Firefox in Debian"
      when: ansible_distribution == 'Debian'

    - name: Install Firefox in Ubuntu
      apt: pkg=firefox state=present update_cache=true
#      debug: msg="Install Firefox in Ubuntu"
      when: ansible_distribution == 'Ubuntu'

    - name: Install Thunderbird
      apt: pkg=thunderbird state=present update_cache=true
      when: PROG_THBIRD is defined

  roles:
    - role: zabbix_agent
      when: ROLE_ZAB_AG is defined

    - role: openvpn1_client
      when: ROLE_OVPN1_CL is defined


client1:~# cat /usr/local/etc/gpo_options.yml


CONF_RUS_INT:
PROG_THBIRD:
ROLE_ZAB_AG:


client1:~# /usr/bin/ansible-pull -U http://server.corp13.un/student/ansible-pull-gpo.git -C test -e @/usr/local/etc/gpo_options.yml

* [[Планирование выполнения заданий в Linux#Сервис cron]] ====== Дополнительные материалы ====== ===== Вместо ansible =====


for i in 1 2 3; do ssh node$i "apt update && apt install apache2; done

===== выполнение команд на цисках через ансибл =====


1. добавить в /etc/ansible/group_vars/all.yml строки
ansible_connection: network_cli
ansible_network_os: ios
2. создать файл playbook формата
- name: Run show commands on routers
  hosts: cisco-routers

  tasks:

    - name: run show commands
      ios_command:
        commands: # перечисление команд
          - show ip int br
          - sh ip route
      register: show_result