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--- сервис_zabbix [2022/03/12 12:22]
val [Debian]
+++ сервис_zabbix [2025/06/16 13:48] (current)
val [Low-Level Discovery (LLD)]
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ===== Установка и запуск сервера =====
+  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/release_notes|Release Notes for Zabbix]]
 ==== Установка SQL сервера ====
@@ Line 26: / Line 27: @@
 # less /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql/README.Debian
-</code>
-  * В Debian10 потребуется [[Сервис MySQL#Управление параметрами сервера]] MySQL innodb_strict_mode=OFF
-<code>
 # cat zabbix.sql
 </code><code>
 #drop database zabbix;
 create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
-grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';
+#debian11
+#grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';
+#ubuntu20
+#create  USER zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';
+#grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;
 </code><code>
 # mysql < zabbix.sql
@@ Line 41: / Line 44: @@
 # zcat /usr/share/zabbix-server-mysql/{schema,images,data}.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix
-# cat /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
+# cat /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf.d/corpX.conf
 </code><code>
-...
 DBHost=localhost
 DBName=zabbix
@@ Line 132: / Line 134: @@
 # mkdir /var/lib/zabbix
+# В 6-й версии не нужно, БД будет создана автоматически
 # zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-proxy-sqlite3/schema.sql.gz | sqlite3 /var/lib/zabbix/zabbix.db
 </code>
@@ Line 146: / Line 149: @@
 # chown -R zabbix:zabbix /var/lib/zabbix
-# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.conf
+# cat /etc/zabbix/zabbix_proxy.conf
 </code><code>
-...
+#...
 Hostname=gate
-ConfigFrequency=60
+#v6
+#ConfigFrequency=60
+#v7
+#ProxyConfigFrequency=60
 Server=server
 DBName=/var/lib/zabbix/zabbix.db
@@ Line 199: / Line 207: @@
 ===== Обновление Zabbix =====
-  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/manual/installation/upgrade/packages/debian_ubuntu#Steps required for a successful upgrade Zabbix]]
+  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/installation/upgrade|Zabbix Documentation Upgrade procedure]] см. log_bin_trust_function_creators
-  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/ru/manual/installation/upgrade/packages/debian_ubuntu#Обновление с Zabbix]]
+  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/installation/upgrade/packages/debian_ubuntu|upgrade packages Debian/Ubuntu]] и !!![[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/installation/upgrade_notes_700|Upgrade notes for 7.0.0]]
+  * [[https://bestmonitoringtools.com/upgrade-zabbix-to-the-latest-version/|Upgrade Zabbix (5.0, 5.2, 5.4) to 6.0 like a Pro (+6.0 to 6.4 guide)]]
 ===== Настройка мониторинга =====
+  * !!! Однажды Setup не заработал в firefox !!!
   * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/ru/manual/quickstart|Zabbix Documentation. Быстрый старт]]
   * Login: Admin; Pass: zabbix
@@ Line 219: / Line 231: @@
 === Настройка подсистемы Email ===
 <code>
-Administration->Media types->Email
+Administration/Alerts->Media types->Email
   SMTP server: server.corpX.un
   SMTP helo: server.corpX.un
   SMTP email: zabbix@corpX.un
-Administration->Users->student->Media
+Administration/Users->Users->student->Media
   Type: Email
   Send to: student@corpX.un
@@ Line 230: / Line 242: @@
 === Настройка уведомлений о срабатывании триггеров ===
 <code>
-Configuration->Actions->Event source: Triggers
+Configuration/Alerts->Actions->Event source: Triggers
   Report problems to Zabbix administrators->Enable
   ...
@@ Line 398: / Line 410: @@
 {{HOSTNAME}:{TRIGGER.KEY}.last(#2)}
 </code>
+Zabbix 6
+  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/forum/zabbix-help/445808-display-an-items-previous-value|Display an items previous value...does not work...]]
 ==== Простые проверки ====
@@ Line 597: / Line 613: @@
     Key:  speedtest.download
     Type of information: Numeric (float) или Numeric (unsigned)
-    Units: Бит/сек
+    Units: бит/с  или  bit/s
     Allowed hosts: 127.0.0.1
   Preprocessing    может понадобиться
@@ Line 608: / Line 624: @@
 </code><code>
 #!/bin/sh
+### iperf ###
+MY_RES=$(iperf -c gate.isp.un -t 5 -R -f b -y c)
+MY_DOWNLOAD=$(echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f9)
+MY_RES=$(iperf -c gate.isp.un -t 5 -f b -y c)
+MY_UPLOAD=$(echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f9)
 ### speedtest-cli ### result bits/s
-MY_RES=`speedtest-cli --csv`
+#MY_RES=`speedtest-cli --csv`
-MY_DOWNLOAD=`echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f7`
+#MY_DOWNLOAD=`echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f7`
-MY_UPLOAD=`echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f8`
+#MY_UPLOAD=`echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f8`
 ### speedtest ### result Bytes/s (use preprocess Custom multiplier)
 #MY_RES=`speedtest -f csv`
 #MY_DOWNLOAD=`echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f6`
-#Y_UPLOAD=`echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f7`
+#MY_UPLOAD=`echo $MY_RES | cut -d',' -f7`
 zabbix_sender -z 127.0.0.1 -p 10051 -s server.corpX.un -k speedtest.download -o $MY_DOWNLOAD
@@ Line 681: / Line 703: @@
   * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/4.0/ru/manual/web_monitoring/example|Сценарий из реальной жизни]]
+  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58641673/zabbix-web-scenario-debug|Zabbix web scenario debug]]
 === Исследование приложения ===
+  * !!! [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15603561/how-can-i-debug-a-http-post-in-chrome|How can I debug a HTTP POST in Chrome?]]
 <code>
 Шаг 1.
@@ Line 743: / Line 769: @@
     {token1} regex:name="_token" value="(.{32})"
-  Required string: Roundcube Webmail
+  Required string: rcmloginsubmit
   Required status codes: 200
@@ Line 773: / Line 799: @@
     _token: {token2}
-  Required string: Roundcube Webmail
+  Required string: rcmloginsubmit
   Required status codes: 200
 </code>
 ==== Настройка триггеров ====
+  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/config/triggers/trigger|Configuring a trigger]]
 === Примеры простых целочисленных триггеров ===
+  * https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/7.0/ru/manual/config/triggers/expression
 <code>
 Host: server.corpX.un
@@ Line 794: / Line 825: @@
 Host: ya.ru
     Name: HTTPS service on {HOST.NAME} is not available
-    Expression: {ya.ru:net.tcp.service.perf[https].last(#2)}=0
+    Expression: {ya.ru:net.tcp.service.perf[https].max(#2)}=0
-    Expression: last(/ya.ru/net.tcp.service.perf[https],#2)=0
+    Expression: max(/ya.ru/net.tcp.service.perf[https],#2)=0
     Dependencies: Zabbix server: gate.isp.un is unreachable
@@ Line 818: / Line 849: @@
 === Пример с макросами и Recovery expression ===
+!!! Добавить в поле "Operational data" информацию о текущем и максимальном количестве адресов
 <code>
     Name: On {HOST.NAME} dhcp subnet is full
@@ Line 828: / Line 862: @@
 === Пример с текстовым элементом ===
+Zabbix 5
 <code>
 Name: Host {HOST.NAME} nmap change
@@ Line 835: / Line 870: @@
   или
 Expression: {val.bmstu.ru:my.nmap.diff()}=1
+</code>
+Zabbix 6
+<code>
+Name: installed soft on host {HOST.NAME} change
+Severity: Warning
+Expression: (last(/Template OS Windows list installed soft Active/listinstalledsoft,#1)<>last(/Template OS Windows list installed soft Active/listinstalledsoft,#2))=1
 </code>
@@ Line 901: / Line 943: @@
 # apt install zabbix-get
-$ zabbix_get -s IP/DNSNAME -p 10050 -k agent.version
+$ zabbix_get -s IP/DNSNAME -k agent.version #-p 10050
 </code>
@@ Line 942: / Line 984: @@
 <code>
-Configuration - Actions - Auto registration
+Alerts|Configuration - Actions - Auto registration
-  Name: Add windows clients
+  Name: Add Windows clients                                          # or Add Linux clients
-  Conditions: Host name contains CLIENT
+  Conditions: Host name contains CLIENT                              # or client (lowercase) for linux
-  Action operations: Add to host groups: windows clients
+  Action operations:
-  Link to templates: Template OS Windows by Zabbix agent active
+    Add to host groups: Windows clients                              # or Linux clients
-                     Template OS Windows list installed soft Active
+    Link to templates: Windows by Zabbix agent active                # or Linux by Zabbix agent active
+                     Template OS Windows list installed soft Active  # work in linux too))
   Set host inventory mode: Automatic
 </code>
@@ Line 959: / Line 1002: @@
 StartAgents=0
 ServerActive=server
-Hostname=CLIENTN
+#Hostname=CLIENTN
+</code>
+<code>
+/var/log/cisco_routers.log:
+Jun 10 15:06:23 192.168.32.224 4278: Jun 10 15:06:22: %IP-4-DUPADDR: Duplicate address 192.168.0.254 on Port-channel6.664, sourced by 30de.4bf5.e9cc
+Jun 10 16:25:07 192.168.32.224 4308: Jun 10 16:25:06: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by val on vty0 (192.168.32.6)
+last(/helper.bmstu.ru/log[/var/log/cisco_routers.log,Duplicate address])<>0
 </code>
 === Использование UserParameter ===
-  * Пример для Linux/Unix
+== Примеры для Linux ==
   * [[Сервис DHCP#Статистика DHCP сервера]]
@@ Line 976: / Line 1026: @@
 </code>
-  * Windows examples
+  * [[Управление ПО в Linux#Список desktop приложений]]
-  * [[PowerShell#Список установленного ПО]]  !!! Попробовать вариант с форматированием
+<code>
+linclient2:~# cat /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/listinstalledsoft.conf
+</code><code>
+UserParameter=listinstalledsoft,ls /usr/share/applications | awk -F '.desktop' ' { print $1}' -
+# UserParameter=listinstalledsoft,ls /usr/share/applications /usr/local/share/applications | awk -F '.desktop' ' { print $1}' -
+</code>
+== Примеры для Windows ==
+  * [[PowerShell#Список установленного ПО]]
 <code>
@@ Line 985: / Line 1045: @@
 Timeout=30
-UserParameter=listinstalledsoft,powershell -Command Get-ChildItem HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall; powershell -Command Get-ChildItem HKLM:\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall
+#UserParameter=listinstalledsoft,powershell -Command Get-ChildItem HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall; powershell -Command Get-ChildItem HKLM:\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall
-#UserParameter=listinstalledsoft,C:\bin\listinstalledsoft.bat
+UserParameter=listinstalledsoft,C:\bin\listinstalledsoft.bat | findstr /v "^$"
 UnsafeUserParameters=1
@@ Line 998: / Line 1058: @@
 @echo off
-powershell -command "Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\* | Select-Object DisplayName | Format-Table -AutoSize -HideTableHeaders"
+powershell -command "Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\* | Get-ItemProperty | Where-Object 'DisplayName' | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName | Select-Object -Property DisplayName | Format-Table -AutoSize -HideTableHeaders"
+powershell -command "Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\* | Get-ItemProperty | Where-Object 'DisplayName' | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName | Select-Object -Property DisplayName | Format-Table -AutoSize -HideTableHeaders"
-powershell -command "Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\* | Select-Object DisplayName | Format-Table -AutoSize -HideTableHeaders"
 </code>
 ==== Мониторинг по протоколу SNMP ====
-  * Необходима [[Сервис SNMP#Установка snmp консоли]]
+  * Была необходима [[Сервис SNMP#Установка snmp консоли]]
 <code>
 # service zabbix-server restart
 </code>
 === Автоматическое добавление ===
-  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/manual/discovery/network_discovery/rule|Configuring a network discovery rule]]
+  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/discovery/network_discovery|Network discovery]] см. Discovery status
 <code>
-Configuration->Discovery
+Data collection/Configuration->Discovery
 Discovery rules
-  Name: Local network
+  Name: Local network    или    Cisco Router Discovery
   IP range: 172.16.1.190-199, 192.168.X.51-60
   Checks:
@@ Line 1023: / Line 1086: @@
     SNMP OID .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0
       или
-             SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0
+             SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0       !!! Требуется установка MIB
     Add
-  Update interval: 5m
+  Update interval: 3m
-  Device uniqueness criteria: IP address
+  Host name: SNMPv2 agent ...            !!! Остальные варианты требуют PTR записи
   Enabled: yes
-Configuration->Actions
+Alert/Configuration->Actions
   Event source: Discovery
-    Name: Action add snmp device to zabbix
+    Name: Action add Cisco device to zabbix
     Conditions:
       Received value: like или contains router
@@ Line 1037: / Line 1102: @@
       Add
     Operations:
-      Add to host groups: Discovered hosts
+      Add to host groups: Cisco devices             !!! В Discovered hosts добавится автоматически !!!
       Link to templates:
 .XX Template SNMP Device
 .XX Template Module Generic SNMPv2
 .XX Template Module Interfaces Simple SNMPv2
-.XX Template Net Cisco IOS SNMP                  !!!! Уменьшить период Discovery !!!!
+.XX Template Net Cisco IOS SNMP       !!! Уменьшить период Network interfaces discovery !!!
+.XX 7.XX Cisco IOS by SNMP
       Set host inventory mode: Automatic
     Add
 </code>
+=== SNMPv3 ===
+  * [[https://blog.zabbix.com/monitoring-network-hardware-with-snmpv3-in-zabbix/10093/|Monitoring network hardware with SNMPv3 in Zabbix]]
 ==== Проверки через SSH ====
@@ Line 1055: / Line 1125: @@
   * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.0/ru/manual/config/items/itemtypes/snmptrap|Zabbix Documentation SNMP трапы]]
   * [[https://gist.github.com/jpawlowski/152abb4951f39ce1cfa0b1c5220b8635|SNMPTT installation on CentOS 7 for Zabbix integration]]
+  * [[https://programmersought.com/article/39768892920/|How to deploy SNMP Traps in Centos8]]
   * [[https://www.zabbix.com/forum/zabbix-help/28463-catch-all-snmp-traps-with-general-event|catch all snmp traps with general event]]
+  * [[https://blog.zabbix.com/snmp-traps-in-zabbix/8210/|SNMP Traps in Zabbix]]
+  * [[https://youtu.be/fVK2YWdTalQ|youtube SNMP Traps in Zabbix Tutorial]]
 <code>
@@ Line 1105: / Line 1178: @@
 Configuration
   Templates
-    Template App SSH Service/SSH Service
+    SSH Service
   Full Clone
-    Template App SSH Port Service/SSH Port Service
+    SSH Port Service
   Add
   Templates
-    Template App SSH Port Service/SSH Port Service
+    Name: SSH Port Service
+      Template groups: Templates/Applications
       Items
-        SSH service is running
+        Name: SSH service is running
-          Key: net.tcp.service[ssh,,{$SSH_PORT}]
+        Key: net.tcp.service[ssh,,{$SSH_PORT}]
-          Update interval: 30s
+        Update interval: 30s
+      Triggers
+        Name: SSH service is down on {HOST.NAME}
+        Severity: Average
+        Expression: max(/SSH Port Service/net.tcp.service[ssh,,{$SSH_PORT}],#3)=0
       Macros
         {$SSH_PORT}=22
@@ Line 1125: / Line 1203: @@
   * [[https://www.zabbix.com/forum/in-russian/44171-perl-script-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%B2-zabbix|Perl script Авторисования топологии сети в Zabbix]]
   * [[https://youtu.be/MEdVvZU18ek|Видеоурок - Самый простой, но очень полезный пример использования низкоуровнего обнаружения (LLD) в Zabbix]]
-  * [[Утилита jq]]
 === Штатные примеры ===
 <code>
-server# zabbix_get -s gate -k vfs.fs.discovery | jq
+server# zabbix_get -s gate -k vfs.fs.discovery
-...
+</code>
+  * [[Утилита jq]]
+<code>
 server# zabbix_get -s gate -k vfs.fs.size[/,free]
 server# zabbix_get -s gate -k vfs.fs.size[/,total]
@@ Line 1188: / Line 1267: @@
   * Пример разработки собственного скрипта для LLD
+  * Сервис DHCP [[Сервис DHCP#Статистика DHCP сервера]]
   * [[Обработка XML файлов]]
+  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12524437/output-json-from-bash-script|Output JSON from Bash script]]
+  * Язык программирования Python [[Язык программирования Python#Zabbix LLD приложение]]
 <code>
@@ Line 1195: / Line 1279: @@
 #!/bin/bash
-echo -n '{"data":['
+echo -n '['
 str=`/usr/bin/dhcpd-pools -c /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf -f x | \
@@ Line 1203: / Line 1287: @@
 echo -n ${str::-1}
-echo -n ']}'
+echo -n ']'
 </code><code>
 gate# /etc/zabbix/dhcp-pools-discovery.sh | jq
@@ Line 1272: / Line 1356: @@
     Trigger prototypes
       Name: On {HOST.NAME} in the DHCP pool {#POOLNAME}
+или
+      Name: On {HOST.NAME} in the DHCP pool {#POOLNAME} used more {$DHCP.POOLS.MAX.PERCENT} percent
       Expression: {Template App DHCP Pools:dhcp.pools.shared-network[{#POOLNAME},used].last()}/{Template App DHCP Pools:dhcp.pools.shared-network[{#POOLNAME},defined].last()}*100 > {$DHCP.POOLS.MAX.PERCENT}
+                  last(/Template App DHCP Pools/dhcp.pools.shared-network[{#POOLNAME},used])/last(/Template App DHCP Pools/dhcp.pools.shared-network[{#POOLNAME},defined])*100 > {$DHCP.POOLS.MAX.PERCENT}
       Severity: Warning
 </code>
@@ Line 1287: / Line 1376: @@
 ===== API =====
+  * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/api]]
   * [[Формат JSON]]
   * [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/1.8/ru/api/getting_started|Zabbix Documentation Начало работы с Zabbix API]]
@@ Line 1293: / Line 1383: @@
   * [[https://www.zabbix.com/forum/zabbix-troubleshooting-and-problems/36900-api-key-lifetime|api key lifetime]]
+  * Для и до 6-й версии "user": "Admin",
 <code>
 server:~# apt install curl
@@ Line 1302: / Line 1392: @@
    "method": "user.login",
    "params": {
-      "user": "Admin",
+      "username": "Admin",
       "password": "zabbix"
    },
@@ Line 1320: / Line 1410: @@
   * Получение списка узлов и шаблонов из Zabbix
+До 7-й версии, включительно
 <code>
 server:~# curl -s -k -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json-rpc' -d '
@@ Line 1331: / Line 1422: @@
 ...
 </code>
+От 7-й и старше
 <code>
-...
+curl -s -k -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json-rpc' -H 'Authorization: Bearer xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx' -d '{
-    "method": "template.get",
+    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-...
+    "method": "host.get",
+    "params": {},
+    "id": 2
+}' http://127.0.0.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | jq
 </code>
@@ Line 1392: / Line 1487: @@
 Список имен узлов
-server:~# /root/zab_get_hosts.sh | jq '.result | .[] | { host: .host} | tostring' | tr -d '{}\\' | tr '"' ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f5
+server:~# /root/zab_get_hosts.sh | jq '.result | .[] | .name'
 </code>
 ==== Получение списка карт и их элементов из Zabbix ====
 <code>
-server.corp1.un:~# cat /root/zab_get_maps.sh
+server.corpX.un:~# cat /root/zab_get_maps.sh
 </code><code>
 #!/bin/sh
@@ Line 1411: / Line 1506: @@
     \"auth\": \"${AUTH}\",
     \"id\": 2
-} " http://127.0.0.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php | jq
+} " http://127.0.0.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php
+</code><code>
+server.corpX.un:~# /root/zab_get_maps.sh | jq -c '.result | .[] | {name: .name, id: .sysmapid}'
 </code>
 ==== Пример изменения конфигурации через Zabbix API ====
+  * Язык программирования Python [[Язык программирования Python#Zabbix API приложение]]
 <code>
 server.corp1.un:~# cat /root/zab_set_map_name.sh
@@ Line 1435: / Line 1534: @@
 } " http://127.0.0.1/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php
 </code><code>
-server.corp1.un:~# /root/zab_set_map_name.sh 2 "ISP1"
+server.corp1.un:~# /root/zab_set_map_name.sh 2 "ISP 1"
 </code>

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