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--- управление_ядром_и_модулями_в_freebsd [2014/09/09 12:03]
val [Модули ядра]
+++ управление_ядром_и_модулями_в_freebsd [2017/08/21 12:06]
val [Установка исходных текстов ядра]
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 # ls -l /boot/kernel/kernel
+# ls -l /boot/kernel/*ko
 </code>
-===== Модули ядра =====
+===== Переменные ядра =====
 <code>
-# kldstat
+# sysctl net.inet.ip.ttl=2
-# ls /boot/kernel/snd_*
+# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
-# kldload snd_driver
+# cat /boot/loader.conf
+</code><code>
+...
+hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+</code>
-# cat /dev/sndstat
+===== Модули ядра =====
-# fetch http://val.bmstu.ru/unix/Media/bird_1.au
+  * [[Подключение звуковой карты]] (в старых версиях)
-# file bird_1.au
+<code>
-bird_1.au: Sun/NeXT audio data: 8-bit ISDN mu-law, mono, 8000 Hz
+# kldstat
-# cp bird_1.au /dev/audio0.0
+# kldload ipfw
-или
-# cp bird_1.au /dev/dsp0.0
+# sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.enable=0
 # cat /boot/loader.conf
 </code><code>
+...
+if_em_load="YES"
 snd_ich_load="YES"
 </code>
-===== Переменные ядра =====
+===== Сборка ядра =====
+  * [[https://www.freebsd.org/doc/ru/books/handbook/kernelconfig-building.html|Сборка и установка собственного ядра]]
+  * [[https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/kernelconfig.html|Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel]]
+==== Причины требующие сборки нового ядра ====
+  * изменение функциональности ядра
+  * наложение заплаток безопасности на ядро
+  * уменьшение размера ядра
+  * повышение производительности
+==== Бекап старого ядра ====
 <code>
-# kldload ipfw
+[server:~] # cp -r /boot/kernel/ /boot/kernel.generic/
+</code>
-# sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.enable=0
+==== Сбор сведений об оборудовании ====
-# sysctl net.inet.ip.ttl=2
+  * [[Анализ оборудования в FreeBSD]]
-# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
+==== Установка исходных текстов ядра ====
-# cat /boot/loader.conf
+<code>
+[server:~] # mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt/
+[server:~] # cd /
+[server:/] # tar -xvf /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/src.txz
+[server:/] # cd
+[server:~] # umount /mnt/
+</code>
+==== Обновление исходных текстов ядра ====
+<code>
+[server:~] # freebsd-update fetch
+[server:~] # freebsd-update install
+</code>
+==== Создание файла конфигурации ядра ====
+Задачи:
+  * уменьшенить размер ядра
+  * отключить IPv6
+  * добавить в ядро поддержку pf и altq
+  * вынести драйвера сетевой и звуковой карты в модули
+  * остальные модули не компилировать
+<code>
+[server:~] # less /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
+[server:~] # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/
+[server:sys/i386/conf] # cp GENERIC KERN
+[server:sys/i386/conf] # ee KERN
+[server:sys/i386/conf] # sed -E '/#.*device/d' KERN
+# cpu           I486_CPU
+# cpu           I586_CPU
+cpu		I686_CPU
+ident		GENERIC
+makeoptions	DEBUG=-gdwarf-2		# Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols
+makeoptions	WITH_CTF=1		# Run ctfconvert(1) for DTrace support
+options 	SCHED_ULE		# ULE scheduler
+options 	PREEMPTION		# Enable kernel thread preemption
+options 	INET			# InterNETworking
+# options 	INET6			# IPv6 communications protocols
+options 	TCP_OFFLOAD		# TCP offload
+options 	SCTP			# Stream Control Transmission Protocol
+options 	FFS			# Berkeley Fast Filesystem
+options 	SOFTUPDATES		# Enable FFS soft updates support
+options 	UFS_ACL			# Support for access control lists
+options 	UFS_DIRHASH		# Improve performance on big directories
+options 	UFS_GJOURNAL		# Enable gjournal-based UFS journaling
+options 	QUOTA			# Enable disk quotas for UFS
+options 	NFSCL			# New Network Filesystem Client
+options 	NFSD			# New Network Filesystem Server
+options 	NFSLOCKD		# Network Lock Manager
+options 	NFS_ROOT		# NFS usable as /, requires NFSCL
+options 	MSDOSFS			# MSDOS Filesystem
+options 	CD9660			# ISO 9660 Filesystem
+options 	PROCFS			# Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)
+options 	PSEUDOFS		# Pseudo-filesystem framework
+options 	GEOM_PART_GPT		# GUID Partition Tables.
+options 	GEOM_RAID		# Soft RAID functionality.
+options 	GEOM_LABEL		# Provides labelization
+options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD4		# Compatible with FreeBSD4
+options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD5		# Compatible with FreeBSD5
+options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD6		# Compatible with FreeBSD6
+options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD7		# Compatible with FreeBSD7
+options 	SCSI_DELAY=5000		# Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
+options 	KTRACE			# ktrace(1) support
+options 	STACK			# stack(9) support
+options 	SYSVSHM			# SYSV-style shared memory
+options 	SYSVMSG			# SYSV-style message queues
+options 	SYSVSEM			# SYSV-style semaphores
+options 	_KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
+options 	PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE=128	# Prevent printf output being interspersed.
+options 	KBD_INSTALL_CDEV	# install a CDEV entry in /dev
+options 	HWPMC_HOOKS		# Necessary kernel hooks for hwpmc(4)
+options 	AUDIT			# Security event auditing
+options 	MAC			# TrustedBSD MAC Framework
+options 	KDTRACE_HOOKS		# Kernel DTrace hooks
+options 	INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE     # Include this file in kernel
+options 	KDB			# Kernel debugger related code
+options 	KDB_TRACE		# Print a stack trace for a panic
+options 	DDB_CTF			# kernel ELF linker loads CTF data
+options 	ALTQ
+options 	ALTQ_CBQ	# Class Based Queueing
+options 	ALTQ_RED	# Random Early Detection
+options 	ALTQ_RIO	# RED In/Out
+options 	ALTQ_HFSC	# Hierarchical Packet Scheduler
+options 	ALTQ_CDNR	# Traffic conditioner
+options 	ALTQ_PRIQ	# Priority Queueing
+options 	ALTQ_NOPCC	# Required if the TSC is unusable
+options 	ALTQ_DEBUG
+# To make an SMP kernel, the next two lines are needed
+options 	SMP			# Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
+device		apic			# I/O APIC
+# CPU frequency control
+device		cpufreq
+# Bus support.
+device		acpi
+device		pci
+# Floppy drives
+device		fdc
+# ATA controllers
+device		ata		# Legacy ATA/SATA controllers
+options 	ATA_CAM		# Handle legacy controllers with CAM
+# SCSI Controllers
+# options 	AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT	# Print register bitfields in debug
+					# output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
+# options 	AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT	# Print register bitfields in debug
+					# output.  Adds ~215k to driver.
+# ATA/SCSI peripherals
+device		scbus		# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)
+device		da		# Direct Access (disks)
+# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
+# RAID controllers
+# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
+device		atkbdc		# AT keyboard controller
+device		atkbd		# AT keyboard
+device		psm		# PS/2 mouse
+device		kbdmux		# keyboard multiplexer
+device		vga		# VGA video card driver
+options 	VESA		# Add support for VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE)
+device		splash		# Splash screen and screen saver support
+# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
+device		sc
+options 	SC_PIXEL_MODE	# add support for the raster text mode
+device		agp		# support several AGP chipsets
+# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
+# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
+device		pmtimer
+# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
+# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
+# Serial (COM) ports
+device		uart		# Generic UART driver
+# Parallel port
+# PCI Ethernet NICs.
+# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
+# ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
+# Wireless NIC cards
+device		loop		# Network loopback
+options 	PADLOCK_RNG	# VIA Padlock RNG
+options 	RDRAND_RNG	# Intel Bull Mountain RNG
+device		ether		# Ethernet support
+device		vlan		# 802.1Q VLAN support
+device		tun		# Packet tunnel.
+device		pty		# BSD-style compatibility pseudo ttys
+device		md		# Memory "disks"
+device		gif		# IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
+device		faith		# IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
+device		firmware	# firmware assist module
+# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
+# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
+device		bpf		# Berkeley packet filter
+# USB support
+options 	USB_DEBUG	# enable debug msgs
+device		uhci		# UHCI PCI->USB interface
+device		ohci		# OHCI PCI->USB interface
+device		ehci		# EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
+device		xhci		# XHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 3.0)
+device		usb		# USB Bus (required)
+device		uhid		# "Human Interface Devices"
+device		ukbd		# Keyboard
+device		ulpt		# Printer
+device		umass		# Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
+device		ums		# Mouse
+device		urio		# Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
+device		u3g		# USB-based 3G modems (Option, Huawei, Sierra)
+device		uark		# Technologies ARK3116 based serial adapters
+device		ubsa		# Belkin F5U103 and compatible serial adapters
+device		uftdi		# For FTDI usb serial adapters
+device		uplcom		# Prolific PL-2303 serial adapters
+device		uslcom		# SI Labs CP2101/CP2102 serial adapters
+device		uvscom		# USB serial support for DDI pocket's PHS
+# USB Ethernet, requires miibus
+# # USB Wireless
+# Sound support
+# VirtIO support
+device          pf
+device          pflog
+device          pfsync
+</code>
+==== Выбор модулей ядра ====
+<code>
+# cat /etc/make.conf
 </code><code>
-hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
+...
+MODULES_OVERRIDE = sound em
 </code>
-===== Сборка ядра =====
+==== Компиляция и инсталяция ядра ====
+<code>
+[server:sys/i386/conf] # cd /usr/src
-[[http://www.freebsd.org/doc/ru/books/handbook/kernelconfig-building.html]]
+[server:/usr/src] # make buildkernel KERNCONF=KERN
+[server:/usr/src] # make installkernel KERNCONF=KERN
+[server:/usr/src] # shutdown –r now
+[server:~] # uname –a
+</code>
+==== Загрузка старого ядра ====
+В меню Loader выбираем пункт 6
 <code>
+OK unload kernel
+OK load /boot/kernel.old/kernel
+	или
+OK load /boot/kernel.generic/kernel
+OK boot
 </code>

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