# lshw -C disk

# lsblk

# fdisk -l

# fdisk -l /dev/sda

# lsblk -o name,label,uuid

# man sfdisk

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

Можно не только монтировать, но и запрограммировать определенные действия, например бэкап.

• UsbDriveDoSomethingHowto

• Удаление таблицы разделов

# parted -a optimal /dev/sdb
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) unit mib
(parted) mkpart primary 1 -1
(parted) print
(parted) quit

# fdisk /dev/sdb
n
p
1
<enter>
<enter>
w

# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

• Ext2
• Ext4
• ReiserFS
• InstallingANewHardDrive

# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

# file -s /dev/sdb1

# mkdir /disk2

# mount /dev/sdb1 /disk2

# fuser -cu /disk2

# umount /disk2

# blkid

# cat /etc/fstab

...
# UUID=4ba44a69-3bf8-4e3a-8b65-589fae005f80 /disk2  ext4 defaults 0 0
# /dev/sdb1 /disk2  ext4 defaults 0 0

• dm-crypt
• Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS)

• Добавление дисков в Linux (до создания раздела включительно или использовать весь /dev/sdb)

# apt install cryptsetup

# cryptsetup -y luksFormat /dev/sdb1

# cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sdb1

# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb1 disk2

# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/mapper/disk2

# mount /dev/mapper/disk2 /disk2

# umount /disk2

# cryptsetup luksClose disk2

• Setting up the loop device
• Создание пустого файла

# losetup /dev/loop0 /disk2/filedisk

# losetup -a

# mkfs.ext3 /dev/loop0

# mount -t ext3 /dev/loop0 /mnt

# umount /mnt/

# losetup -d /dev/loop0

# cat /etc/fstab

...
/disk2/filedisk   /filesystem ext3 loop 0 0

• LVM в Википедии
• Повесть о Linux и LVM

debian# apt install lvm2

# vgs

...
ubuntu-vg
...

# lvs ubuntu-vg
  LV        VG        ...
  ubuntu-lv ubuntu-vg ... 

Превращаем его в физический том LVM

# pvcreate /dev/sdb

Добавляем физический том к группе томов

# vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb

# pvs

# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv

# df -h /

# resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
 или
# xfs_growfs /

# df -h /

root@gate:~# apt install lvm2

root@gate:~# pvcreate /dev/sdb

root@gate:~# pvs
root@gate:~# pvdisplay

root@gate:~# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb

root@gate:~# pvs
root@gate:~# pvdisplay
root@gate:~# vgdisplay vg1

• Технология LXC
• Использование snapshot LVM

root@gate:~# lvcreate -n lv1 -L 1000M vg1
root@gate:~# lvdisplay
root@gate:~# lvdisplay /dev/vg1/lv1

root@gate:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1
  или
root@gate:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1

root@gate:~# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /disk2
  или
root@gate:~# mount /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 /disk2
 
root@gate:~# blkid /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1

root@gate:~# pvcreate /dev/sdc

root@gate:~# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdc
root@gate:~# pvs
root@gate:~# pvdisplay
root@gate:~# vgdisplay vg1

root@gate:~# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg1/lv1

root@gate:~# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1

root@gate:~# xfs_growfs /

root@gate:~# df -h

root@gate:~# umount /disk2

root@gate:~# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
root@gate:~# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 990M

root@gate:~# lvreduce /dev/vg1/lv1 -L 1000M
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 1000.00 MiB
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 1000.00 MiB
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce lv1? [y/n]: y
  Reducing logical volume lv1 to 1000.00 MiB
  Logical volume lv1 successfully resized

root@gate:~# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /disk2

root@gate:~# pvmove /dev/sdb

root@gate:~# vgreduce vg1 /dev/sdb
  Removed "/dev/sdb" from volume group "vg1"

root@gate:~# pvremove sdb

root@gate:~# pvs

• How to keep or drop LVM snapshot?
• Создание lvm snapshot и восстановление из него

# lvcreate --size 1G --snapshot --name www_snap /dev/vg1/www

# lvs

Что-то ломаем в контейнере

# systemctl stop lxc@www

# lvconvert --merge /dev/vg1/www_snap

• http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-set-up-journaled-quota-on-debian-lenny
• https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-enable-user-and-group-quotas

# apt install quota

# cat /etc/fstab

...
#/dev/sda1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/sda1 /  ext4 errors=remount-ro,usrquota 0 1

# mount -o remount /

# quotacheck -cum /

# quotaon /

# edquota user1

# For 10Mb
... soft       hard     ...
... 10000      10240    ...

# edquota -p user1 user2